Cytoskeletal alterations in interphase cells of the green alga Spirogyra decimina in response to heavy metals exposure: I. The effect of cadmium
Language English Country Austria Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- MeSH
- Cell Division drug effects MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Chlorophyta drug effects growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Cytoskeleton drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Microscopy, Fluorescence MeSH
- Interphase MeSH
- Cadmium pharmacology MeSH
- Actin Cytoskeleton drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Microtubules drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Metals, Heavy pharmacology MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Cadmium MeSH
- Metals, Heavy MeSH
The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of cadmium ions on the arrangement of the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton, as well as the relationships between cytoskeletal changes and growth processes in the green filamentous alga Spirogyra decimina. Batch cultures of algae were carried out under defined conditions in the presence of various cadmium concentrations. In control cells, the cytoskeleton appeared to be a transversely oriented pattern of both microtubules and actin filaments of various thickness in the cell cortex; colocalization of cortical microtubules and actin filaments was apparent. Microtubules were very sensitive to the presence of cadmium ions. Depending on the cadmium concentration and the time of exposure, microtubules disintegrated into short rod-shaped fragments or they completely disappeared. A steep increase in cell width and a decrease in growth rate accompanied (and probably ensued) a very rapid disintegration of microtubules. Actin filaments were more stable because they were disturbed several hours later than microtubules at any cadmium concentration used. When cadmium ions were washed out, the actin cytoskeleton was rebuilt even in cells in which actin filaments were completely disintegrated at higher cadmium concentrations (40 or 100 microM). The much more sensitive microtubules were regenerated after treatment with lower cadmium concentrations (10 or 15 microM) only.
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