Three low-energy structures of the benzene dimer are investigated by several theoretical procedures (RI-MP2, CCSD(T), RI-DFT-D, DFT/BH&H) covering London dispersion energy. The RI-DFT-D and CCSD(T) calculations are used to verify the DFT/BH&H dimer characteristics, as only at this level can anharmonic calculations be performed. It is ascertained that the T-shaped (C(2v)) structure, in which the C-H stretching frequency of the proton donor shows a significant blue shift, is not stable at any level of theory. It is either a transition structure or a minimum which is easily transformed into a parallel-displaced structure or a T-shaped (C(s)) structure, even at low temperature. Consequently, no blue shift can be detected. On the other hand, the calculated anharmonic IR spectra of the two most stable structures of benzene dimer, namely, the T-shaped (C(s)) and the parallel-displaced ones, give rise to a small red (and no blue) shift of the C-H stretching vibration. This finding is fully consistent with the experimental results.

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Theoretical study on the complexes of benzene with isoelectronic nitrogen-containing heterocycles