Cell cycle represents not only a tightly orchestrated mechanism of cell replication and cell division but it also plays an important role in regulation of cell fate decision. Particularly in the context of pluripotent stem cells or multipotent progenitor cells, regulation of cell fate decision is of paramount importance. It has been shown that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) show unique cell cycle characteristics, such as short doubling time due to abbreviated G1 phase; these properties change with the onset of differentiation. This review summarizes the current understanding of cell cycle regulation in hESCs. We discuss cell cycle properties as well as regulatory machinery governing cell cycle progression of undifferentiated hESCs. Additionally, we provide evidence that long-term culture of hESCs is accompanied by changes in cell cycle properties as well as configuration of several cell cycle regulatory molecules.

Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 3 Brno 62500 Czech Republic

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Reprogramming of Adult Peripheral Blood Cells into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Safe and Accessible Source of Endothelial Cells

DNA double-strand breaks in human induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and long-term in vitro culturing

Cell cycle-dependent changes in H3K56ac in human cells

Mutation frequency dynamics in HPRT locus in culture-adapted human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells correspond to their differentiated counterparts