NMDA Receptors in Glial Cells: Pending Questions
Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené arabské emiráty Médium print
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
24179462
PubMed Central
PMC3648778
DOI
10.2174/1570159x11311030002
PII: CN-11-250
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Astrocytes, NG2 glia, NMDA receptors, ischemia, oligodendrocyte progenitors, oligodendrocytes, polydendrocytes.,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type are involved in many cognitive processes, including behavior, learning and synaptic plasticity. For a long time NMDA receptors were thought to be the privileged domain of neurons; however, discoveries of the last 25 years have demonstrated their active role in glial cells as well. Despite the large number of studies in the field, there are many unresolved questions connected with NMDA receptors in glia that are still a matter of debate. The main objective of this review is to shed light on these controversies by summarizing results from all relevant works concerning astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and polydendrocytes (also known as NG2 glial cells) in experimental animals, further extended by studies performed on human glia. The results are divided according to the study approach to enable a better comparison of how findings obtained at the mRNA level correspond with protein expression or functionality. Furthermore, special attention is focused on the NMDA receptor subunits present in the particular glial cell types, which give them special characteristics different from those of neurons - for example, the absence of Mg(2+) block and decreased Ca(2+) permeability. Since glial cells are implicated in important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the central nervous system (CNS), the last part of this review provides an overview of glial NMDA receptors with respect to ischemic brain injury.
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Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells