Preinvasive lesion of the uterine cervix can give rise to cervical cancer. High-risk human papillomaviruses with high oncogenic potential are considered to be the main etiopathological factors with interaction of other risk factors (recurrent inflammation of the cervix, injury of the cervix, immunosuppressive conditions, sexual promiscuity, etc.). Early dia-gnosis of these changes at regular gynecological examinations and adequate treatment can prevent of malignant transformation. Organized cervical screening and implementation of nationwide vaccination against human papillomavirus promises to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.

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