AIM: To evaluate the results of the idiopathic macular hole (IDM) surgical treatment. Surgery included pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the removal (peeling) of internal limiting membrane (ILM) and intraocular tamponade with a diluted expanding gas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 100 eyes of 96 patients (10 men and 86 women) with IDM, that were operated at II. Eye Clinic SZU in Banska Bystrica from August 2008 to August 2012. Patients age ranged from 48 to 86 years, average 69.3 years. Mean follow-up time was 39.2 months. All patients underwent PPV with the ILM peeling. Intraocular air tamponade was used in 1-case, 16 % SF6 84-times and 12 % C3F8 15 times. RESULTS: Anatomical success of the operation was evaluated with OCT examination. After primary operation there were 92 (92 %) closed macular holes in our study. In 6 patients (6 %), we decided to reoperate with gas tamponade (SF6 2-times, C3F8 4 times). After the reoperations final anatomical success in our study was 97 eyes (97 %). Functional results we examined with Snellen. Improved best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was observed in 85 eyes (85 %), no changes in 11 eyes (11 %), and deterioration in 4 eyes (4 %). Improvement in vision was following: 1 line - 18 eyes, 2 lines - 20 eyes, 3 lines - 18 eyes, 4 lines - 11 eyes, 5 or more lines in 18 eyes. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling and gas tamponade is highly effective and safe treatment of idiopathic macular hole.Key words: idiopathic macular hole, pars plana vitrectomy, expanding gas.