Small fruits are a rich source of bioactive substances, including polyphenols, and are therefore suitable raw materials for the production of functional foods. In the current work, we studied the antioxidative properties of six fruits: rosehip, chokeberry, hawthorn, blackcurrant, blueberry and rowanberry via different methods (ORAC, TRAP, HORAC and inhibition of lipid peroxidation). Their effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocytes, antimicrobial properties against 11 human pathogens, and mitogenic effect on hamster spleen lymphocytes were also tested. Rosehip extract showed the highest antioxidant activity via ORAC, TRAP and HORAC assays, whereas blueberry extract was the most potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. All extracts inhibited ROS production of opsonized zymosan-activated phagocytes, indicating that extracts interfere with the signaling cascade of phagocyte activation upstream to the protein kinase C activation. Chokeberry, blackcurrant and rowanberry extracts revealed strong antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of microorganisms and also had the highest mitogenic activity.

Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology Institute of Experimental Biology Masaryk University Kotlarska 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Biophysics of the AS CR Kralovopolska 135 612 65 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Experimental Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad G Bonchev Str bl 2 1113 Sofia Bulgaria

Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances 139 Ruski Blvd 4000 Plovdiv Bulgaria

University of Food Technologies 26 Maritsa Blvd 4002 Plovdiv Bulgaria

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