We present a comprehensive review of the applications of biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (NPs). The biosynthesis of metallic NPs is the subject of a number of recent reviews, which focus on the various "bottom-up" biofabrication methods and characterization of the final products. Numerous applications exploit the advantages of biosynthesis over chemical or physical NP syntheses, including lower capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental impacts, and superior biocompatibility and stability of the NP products. The key applications reviewed here include biomedical applications, especially antimicrobial applications, but also imaging applications, catalytic applications such as reduction of environmental contaminants, and electrochemical applications including sensing. The discussion of each application is augmented with a critical review of the potential for continued development.

Charles University Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Prague Czech Republic

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA

Department of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biology of GCRC Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Department of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biology of GCRC Academy of Sciences Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA; Charles University Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Prague Czech Republic

Nanotechnology Centre VSB Technical University in Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

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