Cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases are proinflammatory enzymes; the former affects platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and later the development of atherosclerosis. Red wines from Georgia and central and western Europe inhibited cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity in the range of 63-94%, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in the range of 20-44% (tested at a concentration of 5 mL/L), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity in the range of 72-84% (at a concentration of 18.87 mL/L). White wines inhibited 5-LOX in the range of 41-68% at a concentration of 18.87 mL/L and did not inhibit COX-1 and COX-2. Piceatannol (IC50 = 0.76 μM) was identified as a strong inhibitor of 5-LOX followed by luteolin (IC50 = 2.25 μM), quercetin (IC50 = 3.29 μM), and myricetin (IC50 = 4.02 μM). trans-Resveratrol was identified as an inhibitor of COX-1 (IC50 = 2.27 μM) and COX-2 (IC50 = 3.40 μM). Red wine as a complex mixture is a powerful inhibitor of COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, the enzymes involved in eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway.

Computer Aided Molecular Design Group Institute of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck Innrain 80 82 6020 Innsbruck Austria

Institute of Horticulture Viticulture and Oenology Agricultural University of Georgia David Aghmashenebeli Alley13 th Km 0159 Tbilisi Georgia

Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Rozvojova 263 165 02 Prague 6 Lysolaje Czech Republic

Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR Rozvojova 263 165 02 Prague 6 Lysolaje Czech Republic ; Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 129 165 21 Prague 6 Suchdol Czech Republic

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