BACKGROUND: Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease in South America. As in all hematophagous arthropods, its saliva contains a complex cocktail that assists blood feeding by preventing platelet aggregation and blood clotting and promoting vasodilation. These salivary components can be immunologically recognized by their vector's hosts and targeted with antibodies that might disrupt blood feeding. These antibodies can be used to detect vector exposure using immunoassays. Antibodies may also contribute to the fast evolution of the salivary cocktail. METHODOLOGY: Salivary gland cDNA libraries from nymphal and adult T. infestans of breeding colonies originating from different locations (Argentina, Chile, Peru and Bolivia), and cDNA libraries originating from F1 populations of Bolivia, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Coding sequences (CDS) were extracted from the assembled reads, the numbers of reads mapped to these CDS, sequences were functionally annotated and polymorphisms determined. MAIN FINDINGS/SIGNIFICANCE: Over five thousand CDS, mostly full length or near full length, were publicly deposited on GenBank. Transcripts that were over 10-fold overexpressed from different geographical regions, or from different developmental stages were identified. Polymorphisms were mapped to derived coding sequences, and found to vary between developmental instars and geographic origin of the biological material. This expanded sialome database from T. infestans should be of assistance in future proteomic work attempting to identify salivary proteins that might be used as epidemiological markers of vector exposure, or proteins of pharmacological interest.

Departamento de Parasitología Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Valencia Valencia Spain

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Laboratory of Chagas Disease and Immunoparasitology Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia

Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Rockville Maryland United States of America

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Sede de Arequipa Arequipa Peru; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States of America

Zoology Parasitology Group Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

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