Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder with a diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. It is an infectious disease that can be successfully cured by antibiotic therapy in the early stages; however, the possibility of the appearance of persistent signs and symptoms of disease following antibiotic treatment is recognized. It is known that Lyme borreliosis mimics multiple diseases that were never proven to have a spirochaete aetiology. Using complete modified Kelly-Pettenkofer medium we succeeded in cultivating live B. burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes from samples taken from people who suffered from undefined disorders, had symptoms not typical for Lyme borreliosis, but who had undergone antibiotic treatment due to a suspicion of having Lyme disease even though they were seronegative. We report the first recovery of live B. burgdorferi sensu stricto from residents of southeastern USA and the first successful cultivation of live Borrelia bissettii-like strain from residents of North America. Our results support the fact that B. bissettii is responsible for human Lyme borreliosis worldwide along with B. burgdorferi s.s. The involvement of new spirochaete species in Lyme borreliosis changes the understanding and recognition of clinical manifestations of this disease.

Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Parasitology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Parasitology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic; Georgia Southern University The James H Oliver Jr Institute for Coastal Plain Sciences Statesboro GA USA

Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Parasitology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Department of Public Health University of North Florida Jacksonville FL USA

Georgia Southern University The James H Oliver Jr Institute for Coastal Plain Sciences Statesboro GA USA

References provided by Crossref.org

Concurrent Infection of the Human Brain with Multiple Borrelia Species

Borrelia spirochetes in European exotic farm animals

Hedgehogs, Squirrels, and Blackbirds as Sentinel Hosts for Active Surveillance of Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia burgdorferi Complex in Urban and Rural Environments

Novel targets and strategies to combat borreliosis

Metamorphoses of Lyme disease spirochetes: phenomenon of Borrelia persisters

Pleomorphism and Viability of the Lyme Disease Pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi Exposed to Physiological Stress Conditions: A Correlative Cryo-Fluorescence and Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in Amblyomma americanum ticks in the southeastern United States: the case of selective compatibility

A divergent spirochete strain isolated from a resident of the southeastern United States was identified by multilocus sequence typing as Borrelia bissettii