PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of diplopia in patients with endocrine orbitopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the results of patients with diplopia associated with endocrine orbitopathy operation at the Department of Ophthalmology in Kolin Hospital during the period 2008-2013. All the patients included in the study group were exposed to retroposition of inferior rectus and moreover, 11 of them underwent retroposition of medial rectus. Five patients were not taken into consideration at all during the statistical analysis because of other surgical operations of extraocular muscles, which were indispensable for proper removal of diplopia in primary gaze position.All the patients underwent overall eye and orthoptic examination as well as objectification of the eye movement disorder and diplopia by Hess test preoperatively and 1 month after surgery. Deviation of the eye with worse mobility was chosen for assessment. Subjective perception of the diplopia became another criterion. RESULTS: There were 72 patients without diplopia in primary gaze position. In 4 patients correction with prismatic glasses (3 pdpt) was necessary for residual vertical deviation. Thirty six patients reached functional binocular vision half a year after surgery proved by ortoptic assessment. Compensatory head position disappeared in all patients in this group. CONCLUSION: The treatment of endocrine orbitopathy should be complex. Proper indication and timing of the surgery is mandatory for the successful results.