Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae and Ceratitis rosa are polyphagous agricultural pests originating from the African continent. The taxonomy of this group (the so-called Ceratitis FAR complex) is unclear. To clarify the taxonomic relationships, male and female-produced volatiles presumably involved in pre-mating communication were studied using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) followed by multivariate analysis, and gas chromatography combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). GC×GC-TOFMS analyses revealed sex specific differences in produced volatiles. Male volatiles are complex mixtures that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively but share some common compounds. GC-EAD analyses of male volatiles revealed that the antennal sensitivities of females significantly differ in the studied species. No female volatiles elicited antennal responses in males. The results show clear species-specific differences in volatile production and provide complementary information for the distinct delimitation of the putative species by chemotaxonomic markers.

Charles University Albertov 6 CZ 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR v v i Flemingovo nám 2 CZ 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR v v i Flemingovo nám 2 CZ 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129 CZ 165 21 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR v v i Flemingovo nám 2 CZ 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Technology Prague Technická 5 CZ 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR v v i Flemingovo nám 2 CZ 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de Alagoas Av Lourival de Melo Mota s n Tabuleiro CEP 57072 970 Maceió AL Brazil

International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology PO Box 30772 00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya

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Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review