In this paper, we review, continent by continent, the trematode fauna of freshwater fishes of the 'Old World', a vast area consisting of the Palaearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental and Australasian zoogeographical regions. Knowledge of this fauna is highly uneven and clearly incomplete for almost all regions, sometimes dramatically so. Although the biggest problem remains the completion of the 'first pass' of alpha taxonomy, there are in addition great problems relating to biogeography and elucidation of life-cycles. For the latter, molecular data, i.e. matching DNA sequences of larval stages and corresponding adults, may represent a powerful tool that should be used in future studies. Another challenging problem represents the existence of cryptic species and, in particular, considerable decrease of experts in taxonomy and life-cycles of trematodes.

10486 2 Hotaka Ariake Azumino Nagano 399 8301 Japan

Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Use Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University Lugovaya 52b Vladivostok Russia 690087

Division of Natural Sciences St Norbert College De Pere WI USA

Institute of Biology and Soil Science Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia

Water Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management Potchefstroom Campus North West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Parasitol Int. 2015 Feb;64(1):26-32 PubMed

Parasitol Res. 2007 Apr;100(5):1047-51 PubMed

J Helminthol. 2010 Mar;84(1):61-70 PubMed

Int J Parasitol. 2015 Nov;45(13):841-55 PubMed

Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2004 Dec;51(4):320-6 PubMed

Syst Parasitol. 2012 Nov;83(3):169-77 PubMed

Parasitology. 1951 Jul;41(1-2):1-10 PubMed

J Parasitol. 2011 Jun;97(3):435-59 PubMed

J Parasitol. 1966 Dec;52(6):1058-61 PubMed

J Parasit Dis. 2015 Sep;39(3):429-40 PubMed

Int J Parasitol. 2014 Sep;44(10):703-15 PubMed

Adv Parasitol. 2003;54:197-254 PubMed

J Parasitol. 2014 Feb;100(1):26-45 PubMed

Parazitologiia. 2015 May-Jun;49(3):145-59 PubMed

Int J Parasitol. 2013 Jan;43(1):57-72 PubMed

Parasitol Int. 2007 Dec;56(4):269-72 PubMed

Syst Parasitol. 2014 Nov;89(3):195-213 PubMed

Parasitol Res. 2013 Aug;112(8):3063-74 PubMed

Infect Genet Evol. 2013 Jul;17:62-70 PubMed

Int J Parasitol. 2005 Oct;35(11-12):1233-54 PubMed

J Parasitol. 2012 Jun;98(3):669-73 PubMed

Syst Parasitol. 2016 Mar;93(3):283-93 PubMed

Parasitol Int. 2012 Dec;61(4):554-60 PubMed

J Helminthol. 2015 Sep;89(5):565-76 PubMed

Other Schistosomatoidea and Diplostomoidea