OBJECTIVE: Cost per quality-adjusted life year data are required for reimbursement decisions in many Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. EQ-5D is by far the most commonly used instrument to generate utility values in CEE. This study aims to systematically review the literature on EQ-5D from eight CEE countries. METHODS: An electronic database search was performed up to 1 July 2015 to identify original EQ-5D studies from the countries of interest. We analysed the use of EQ-5D with respect to clinical areas, methodological rigor, population norms and value sets. RESULTS: We identified 143 studies providing 152 country-specific results with a total sample size of 81,619: Austria (n = 11), Bulgaria (n = 6), Czech Republic (n = 18), Hungary (n = 47), Poland (n = 51), Romania (n = 2), Slovakia (n = 3) and Slovenia (n = 14). Cardiovascular (21 %), neurologic (17 %), musculoskeletal (15 %) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (13 %) were the most frequently studied clinical areas. Overall, 112 (78 %) of the studies reported EQ VAS results and 86 (60 %) EQ-5D index scores, of which 27 (31 %) did not specify the applied tariff. Hungary, Poland and Slovenia have population norms. Poland and Slovenia also have a national value set. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing use of EQ-5D is observed throughout CEE. The spread of health technology assessment activities in countries seems to be reflected in the number of EQ-5D studies. However, improvement in informed use and methodological quality of reporting is needed. In jurisdictions where no national value set is available, in order to ensure comparability we recommend to apply the most frequently used UK tariff. Regional collaboration between CEE countries should be strengthened.

Centre for Health Economics University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK

Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Warsaw Poland ul Banacha 1b 02 097 Warsaw Poland

Department of Health Economics Centre for Public Health Medical University of Vienna Kinderspitalgasse 15 1 1090 Vienna Austria

Department of Health Economics Corvinus University of Budapest Fővám tér 8 Budapest H 1093 Hungary

Department of Social Medicine University of Amsterdam Meibergdreef 9 22660 1100 DD Amsterdam The Netherlands

Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University Sofia Bulgaria

Institute for Economic Research Kardeljeva ploščad 17 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia

Institute of Health Policy and Management Erasmus University Rotterdam P O Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands

Institute of Rheumatology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Na Slupi 4 128 00 Prague Czech Republic

Semmelweis University Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine Üllői út 26 Budapest H 1085 Hungary

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Int J Cardiol. 2013 Sep 1;167(5):2294-9 PubMed

Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2007 Feb;40(1):43-51 PubMed

J Affect Disord. 2008 Jan;105(1-3):81-91 PubMed

Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Oct;31(10):1437-42 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 1997 Feb;11(2):159-68 PubMed

Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):869-74 PubMed

Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2014 Aug;50(4):373-81 PubMed

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009 Dec 08;7:99 PubMed

J Nutr Health Aging. 2010 Oct;14(8):633-9 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2014 Jul 30;67(7-8):245-50 PubMed

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2003 Mar;11(1):28-32 PubMed

Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2015 Apr 24;7:227-33 PubMed

Dig Dis Sci. 1999 May;44(5):932-8 PubMed

Med Oncol. 2010 Sep;27(3):958-9 PubMed

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2004 Jun;16(3):212-20 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2015 Dec 13;156(50):2035-44 PubMed

Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2009 Jul;25 Suppl 1:120-6 PubMed

Health Policy. 1996 Jul;37(1):53-72 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2006 Sep;15(7):1281-9 PubMed

Pharm World Sci. 2007 Apr;29(2):58-66 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 2014 Jun;32(6):591-9 PubMed

Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2012 Jan;28(1):70-6 PubMed

Pathol Oncol Res. 2015 Jul;21(3):619-27 PubMed

Nutr Res. 2008 Feb;28(2):59-65 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2010 Jul 30;63(7-8):247-51 PubMed

Med Decis Making. 2013 Feb;33(2):235-43 PubMed

Osteoporos Int. 2013 Mar;24(3):811-23 PubMed

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Jan;16(1):42-51 PubMed

Health Policy. 2011 Oct;102(2-3):145-51 PubMed

Przegl Lek. 2005;62(9):863-70 PubMed

Przegl Lek. 2005;62(7):657-60 PubMed

Diabet Med. 2011 Apr;28(4):395-413 PubMed

Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2009 Jul;25 Suppl 1:156-62 PubMed

Cent Eur J Public Health. 2011 Mar;19(1):7-12 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2003 Aug 24;144(34):1667-74 PubMed

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008 Dec 11;6:111 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2003 Sep;4(3):222-31 PubMed

Value Health. 2012 Jul-Aug;15(5):708-15 PubMed

Value Health. 2011 Sep-Oct;14(6):907-20 PubMed

Value Health. 2010 Mar-Apr;13(2):289-97 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2009 Mar;18(2):267-72 PubMed

Med Pr. 2011;62(6):601-7 PubMed

Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2010 Jul;120(7-8):276-81 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2015 Apr;24(4):845-50 PubMed

J Parkinsons Dis. 2014;4(4):687-91 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10 ):1727-36 PubMed

Value Health. 2011 Dec;14(8):1117-29 PubMed

Health Inf Manag. 1997 Mar-May;27(1):31-8 PubMed

Ginekol Pol. 2010 Jul;81(7):521-7 PubMed

Crit Care Med. 2004 Feb;32(2):378-83 PubMed

Rheumatol Int. 2012 Apr;32(4):963-9 PubMed

Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2010 Sep;29(171):157-61 PubMed

Value Health. 2009 Nov-Dec;12 (8):1194-200 PubMed

BMJ. 2009 Jul 21;339:b2535 PubMed

Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2004 Summer;20(3):337-41 PubMed

Parkinsons Dis. 2014;2014:158353 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2014 Nov 30;155(48):1913-21 PubMed

Kardiol Pol. 2014;72(7):612-6 PubMed

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015 Apr;15(2):195-8 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2006 Sep;7 Suppl 2:S14-23 PubMed

Fam Pract. 2000 Oct;17(5):389-93 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2014 May;15 Suppl 1:S13-25 PubMed

Rheumatol Int. 2012 Oct;32(10):3163-9 PubMed

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2011 Mar-Apr;139(3-4):197-202 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 2009;27(9):767-79 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2010 Aug;19(6):875-86 PubMed

Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2015 Jul 07;6:167-77 PubMed

Sao Paulo Med J. 2007 Jul 5;125(4):250-2 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2012 Jul 30;65(7-8):249-60 PubMed

Przegl Lek. 2006;63(10):1071-4 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2015 Sep 30;68(9-10):325-30 PubMed

Health Policy. 1990 Dec;16(3):199-208 PubMed

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2013 Mar;157(1):75-80 PubMed

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1210-5 PubMed

Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2004 May;111(5):537-45 PubMed

Haemophilia. 2013 Jan;19(1):44-50 PubMed

Psychiatr Danub. 2014 Jun;26(2):181-6 PubMed

Crit Care. 2006;10(5):R134 PubMed

Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2015 Feb;63(1):65-71 PubMed

Arch Med Sci. 2017 Feb 1;13(1):191-200 PubMed

Kardiol Pol. 2015 ;73(4):267-73 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2016 Mar 30;69(5-6):183-93 PubMed

Respir Med. 2008 Apr;102(4):519-36 PubMed

Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015 ;125(1-2):18-26 PubMed

Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Apr;159(4):283-8 PubMed

Int Urol Nephrol. 2015 Aug;47(8):1241-9 PubMed

Bratisl Lek Listy. 2009;110(8):496-9 PubMed

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015 Dec;139:35-40 PubMed

Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2015;36(3):231-5 PubMed

Respiration. 2011;82(4):328-34 PubMed

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013 Feb 18;11:20 PubMed

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Oct;49(10):1920-8 PubMed

Cent Eur J Public Health. 2004 Jun;12(2):63-8 PubMed

Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2014 Jan;30(1):10-19 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2008 Jan 30;61(1-2):42-8 PubMed

Parkinsons Dis. 2015;2015:936865 PubMed

Europace. 2014 Dec;16(12):1821-7 PubMed

Cell Transplant. 2012;21(9):1909-18 PubMed

J Trauma. 2009 Oct;67(4):883-90 PubMed

Eur Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;16(8):474-82 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 2007;25(5):365-84 PubMed

Value Health. 2011 Mar-Apr;14(2):390-9 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2014 May;15 Suppl 1:S111-9 PubMed

Circ J. 2009 Mar;73(3):476-83 PubMed

PLoS One. 2014 Sep 17;9(9):e107704 PubMed

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016 May;23 (7):714-21 PubMed

Med Decis Making. 2014 Jan;34(1):8-20 PubMed

Psychiatr Hung. 2012;27(1):4-17 PubMed

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010 Jan 28;8:13 PubMed

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014 Apr;14(2):221-33 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2015 Jun;24(6):1555-63 PubMed

Scand J Rheumatol. 2010 Aug;39(4):303-9 PubMed

Adv Med Sci. 2014 Mar;59(1):34-8 PubMed

Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015 Jan-Feb;24(1):139-46 PubMed

Med Decis Making. 2015 Jan;35(1):81-93 PubMed

Health Expect. 2014 Oct;17(5):696-709 PubMed

Int J Neurosci. 2015 May;125(5):344-51 PubMed

Am J Cardiol. 2014 Aug 15;114(4):516-21 PubMed

J Clin Nurs. 2012 Oct;21(19-20):2843-50 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 2015 Nov;33(11):1137-54 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2012 Jul 8;153(27):1068-76 PubMed

Zdr Varst. 2014 Dec 30;54(1):18-26 PubMed

Value Health. 2009 Jul-Aug;12(5):750-8 PubMed

Clin Interv Aging. 2015 May 21;10:885-95 PubMed

Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2010 May-Jun;44(3):260-3 PubMed

Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 Mar-Apr;35(2):73-6 PubMed

Rheumatol Int. 2013 Oct;33(10):2569-76 PubMed

Acta Derm Venereol. 2010 May;90(3):264-8 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2013 Mar 24;154(12):464-70 PubMed

Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2012;122(3):73-81 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2013 Jul 30;66(7-8):251-61 PubMed

Diabetes Metab. 2008 Sep;34(4 Pt 1):349-54 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2010 Aug;19(6):887-97 PubMed

Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2014 Jul 4;28(4):769-774 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2014 May;15 Suppl 1:S27-34 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2008 Apr 20;149(16):733-41 PubMed

Eur J Health Econ. 2014 May;15 Suppl 1:S83-92 PubMed

Obes Facts. 2009;2 Suppl 1:57-62 PubMed

Psychiatr Pol. 2013 May-Jun;47(3):433-42 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2010 Apr;19(3):351-61 PubMed

Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2013 Oct 23;4:75-85 PubMed

Pharmacoeconomics. 2013 Jun;31(6):489-500 PubMed

Qual Life Res. 2013 Sep;22(7):1717-27 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2014 Oct 19;155(42):1673-84 PubMed

Ideggyogy Sz. 2012 Sep 30;65(9-10):316-24 PubMed

Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Jun;34(6):1097-108 PubMed

Popul Health Metr. 2011 Jun 23;9(1):17 PubMed

Neurol Sci. 2015 Feb;36(2):197-202 PubMed

Orv Hetil. 2003 Mar 2;144(9):423-7 PubMed

Kardiol Pol. 2009 Jun;67(6):632-8 PubMed

EQ-5D studies in nervous system diseases in eight Central and East European countries: a systematic literature review

EQ-5D studies in musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases in eight Central and Eastern European countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis