POPs in a major conurbation in Turkey: ambient air concentrations, seasonal variation, inhalation and dermal exposure, and associated carcinogenic risks
Jazyk angličtina Země Německo Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
27552996
DOI
10.1007/s11356-016-7350-5
PII: 10.1007/s11356-016-7350-5
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Carcinogenic risk *, Exposure *, OCPs *, PAHs *, PCBs *, Persistent organic pollutants *,
- MeSH
- chlordan analýza MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- DDT analýza MeSH
- endosulfan analýza MeSH
- heptachlor analýza MeSH
- hexachlorcyklohexan analýza MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH Prohlížeč
- beta-hexachlorocyclohexane MeSH Prohlížeč
- chlordan MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
- DDT MeSH
- endosulfan MeSH
- heptachlor MeSH
- hexachlorcyklohexan MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
- pesticidy MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
Semi-volatile organic compounds were monitored over a whole year, by collection of gas and particle phases every sixth day at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Annual mean concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (∑32PCBs) and 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑14PAHs) were 348 pg/m3 and 36 ng/m3, respectively, while it was 273 pg/m3 for endosulfan, the dominant compound among 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the USEPA exposure-risk models for the estimation of the population exposure and carcinogenic risk probability distributions for heating and non-heating periods. The estimated population risks associated with dermal contact and inhalation routes to ∑32PCBs, ∑14PAHs, and some of the targeted OCPs (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α-chlordane (α-CHL), γ-chlordane (γ-CHL), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT)) were in the ranges of 1.86 × 10-16-7.29 × 10-9 and 1.38 × 10-10-4.07 × 10-6, respectively. The inhalation 95th percentile risks for ∑32PCBs, ∑14PAHs, and OCPs were about 6, 3, and 4-7 orders of magnitude higher than those of dermal route, respectively. The 95th percentile inhalation risk for ∑32PCBs and OCPs in the non-heating period were 1.8- and 1.2-4.6 folds higher than in the heating period, respectively. In contrast, the 95th percentile risk levels for ∑14PAHs in the heating period were 4.3 times greater than that of non-heating period for inhalation, respectively. While risk levels associated with exposure to PCBs and OCPs did not exceed the acceptable level of 1 × 10-6, it was exceeded for 47 % of the population associated with inhalation of PAHs with a maximum value of about 4 × 10-6.
Department of Chemical Engineering İzmir Institute of Technology Gülbahçe 35430 Urla İzmir Turkey
Multiphase Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry 55128 Mainz Germany
Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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