Malignant progression is greatly affected by dynamic cross-talk between stromal and cancer cells. Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that have key roles in cell-cell communication by transferring nucleic acids and proteins to target cells and tissues. Recently, MicroRNAs (miRs) and their delivery in exosomes have been implicated in physiological and pathological processes. Tumor-delivered miRs, interacting with stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, modulate tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune escape. Altered cell metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. A number of different types of tumor rely on mitochondrial metabolism by triggering adaptive mechanisms to optimize their oxidative phosphorylation in relation to their substrate supply and energy demands. Exogenous exosomes can induce metabolic reprogramming by restoring the respiration of cancer cells and supress tumor growth. The exosomal miRs involved in the modulation of cancer metabolism may be potentially utilized for better diagnostics and therapy.

Department of Biochemistry Dongguk University College of Medicine Gyeongju Korea

Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy

Mitochondria Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia

Molecular Therapy Group Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague West Czech Republic

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Mitochondria on the move: Horizontal mitochondrial transfer in disease and health

The Prediction of Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction via the First Trimester Screening of Plasma Exosomal C19MC microRNAs