Many proteins and cargoes in eukaryotic cells are secreted through the conventional secretory pathway that brings proteins and membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, passing through various cell compartments, and then the extracellular space. The recent identification of an increasing number of leaderless secreted proteins bypassing the Golgi apparatus unveiled the existence of alternative protein secretion pathways. Moreover, other unconventional routes for secretion of soluble or transmembrane proteins with initial endoplasmic reticulum localization were identified. Furthermore, other proteins normally functioning in conventional membrane traffic or in the biogenesis of unique plant/fungi organelles or in plasmodesmata transport seem to be involved in unconventional secretory pathways. These alternative pathways are functionally related to biotic stress and development, and are becoming more and more important in cell biology studies in yeast, mammalian cells and in plants. The city of Lecce hosted specialists working on mammals, plants and microorganisms for the inaugural meeting on "Unconventional Protein and Membrane Traffic" (UPMT) during 4-7 October 2016. The main aim of the meeting was to include the highest number of topics, summarized in this report, related to the unconventional transport routes of protein and membranes.

Centre for Plant Science School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Clinical Biochemistry Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN UK

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of Salento S P 6 73100 Lecce Italy

Department of Experimental Medicine University of Perugia 06132 Perugia Italy

Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University 12844 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Institute for Microbiology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf 40225 Germany

Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources Research Division of Perugia National Research Council via della Madonna Alta 130 06128 Perugia Italy

Institute of Experimental Botany v v i the Czech Academy of Sciences 16502 Prague 6 Czech Republic

School of Life Sciences University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK

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