intercellular channels Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Cell-to-cell communication is a fundamental process in every multicellular organism. In addition to membrane-bound and released factors, the sharing of cytosolic components represents a new, poorly explored signaling route. An extraordinary example of this communication channel is the direct transport of mitochondria between cells. In this review, we discuss how intercellular mitochondrial transfer can be used by cancer cells to sustain their high metabolic requirements and promote drug resistance and describe relevant molecular players in the context of current and future cancer therapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The proper function of the nervous system is dependent on the balance of ions and water between the intracellular and extracellular space (ECS). It has been suggested that the interaction of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the transient receptor potential vaniloid isoform 4 (TRPV4) channels play a role in water balance and cell volume regulation, and indirectly, of the ECS volume. Using the real-time iontophoretic method, we studied the changes of the ECS diffusion parameters: ECS volume fraction α (α = ECS volume fraction/total tissue volume) and tortuosity λ (λ2 = free/apparent diffusion coefficient) in mice with a genetic deficiency of AQP4 or TRPV4 channels, and in control animals. The used models of cytotoxic edema included: mild and severe hypotonic stress or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in situ and terminal ischemia/anoxia in vivo. This study shows that an AQP4 or TRPV4 deficit slows down the ECS volume shrinkage during severe ischemia in vivo. We further demonstrate that a TRPV4 deficit slows down the velocity and attenuates an extent of the ECS volume decrease during OGD treatment in situ. However, in any of the cytotoxic edema models in situ (OGD, mild or severe hypotonic stress), we did not detect any alterations in the cell swelling or volume regulation caused by AQP4 deficiency. Overall, our results indicate that the AQP4 and TRPV4 channels may play a crucial role in severe pathological states associated with their overexpression and enhanced cell swelling. However, detailed interplay between AQP4 and TRPV4 channels requires further studies and additional research.
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 nedostatek metabolismus MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- edém mozku metabolismus MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- extracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- hypoglykemie metabolismus MeSH
- kationtové kanály TRPV nedostatek metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mozková hypoxie a ischemie metabolismus MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- myši MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum metabolismus MeSH
- srdeční zástava metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate cell diversity by considering how Ca(2+) signaling has been adapted in skeletal muscle cell function. We characterized single C2C12 myoblasts through intracellular Ca(2+) signaling kinetics after exposure to specific drugs and calcium blockers using fast fluorescence microspectrofluorimetry followed by ATP effect analysis, which confirmed the expression of functional purinergic adenosine and P2 receptors. Further, we found that glutamate sensitivity of C2C12 cells was mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors; on the other hand, most cells were responsive to cyclopiazonic acid, which inhibits the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase pump. These results suggest that C2C12 cells possess functional L- and P/Q-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels, ryanodine receptors and functional sarcoplasmic reticulumCa(2+) stores (typical for muscle cells), adenosine and P2 purinergic receptors, as well as ionotropic glutamate receptors. The evaluation of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is a promising approach towards a better understanding and control of the physiopathological properties of myogenic cells that could be used as a predictive factor in the selection of optimal cells for scaffold recellularization or for tissue engineered constructs used in stem cell therapy.
Cardiac arrhythmias represent wide and heterogenic group of disturbances in the cardiac rhythm. Pathophysiology of individual arrhythmias is highly complex and dysfunction in ion channels/currents involved in generation or spreading of action potential is usually documented. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent highly variable group of molecules regulating the heart expression program, including regulation of the expression of individual ion channels and intercellular connection proteins, e.g. connexins.Within this chapter, we will describe basic electrophysiological properties of the myocardium. We will focus on action potential generation and spreading in pacemaker and non-pacemaker cells, including description of individual ion channels (natrium, potassium and calcium) and their ncRNA-mediated regulation. Most of the studies have so far focused on microRNAs, thus, their regulatory function will be described into greater detail. Clinical consequences of altered ncRNA regulatory function will also be described together with potential future directions of the research in the field.
- MeSH
- iontové kanály MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA MeSH
- nekódující RNA * MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- srdeční arytmie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- astrocyty fyziologie MeSH
- buněčná membrána fyziologie MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární prostor fyziologie MeSH
- iontové kanály fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oligodendroglie fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
