AIM: Resurveys of historical vegetation plots are increasingly used for the assessment of decadal changes in plant species diversity and composition. However, historical plots are usually relocated only approximately. This potentially inflates temporal changes and undermines results. LOCATION: Temperate deciduous forests in Central Europe. METHODS: To explore if robust conclusions can be drawn from resurvey studies despite location uncertainty, we compared temporal changes in species richness, frequency, composition and compositional heterogeneity between exactly and approximately relocated plots. We hypothesized that compositional changes should be lower and changes in species richness should be less variable on exactly relocated plots, because pseudo-turnover inflates temporal changes on approximately relocated plots. RESULTS: Temporal changes in species richness were not more variable and temporal changes in species composition and compositional heterogeneity were not higher on approximately relocated plots. Moreover, the frequency of individual species changed similarly on both plot types. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The resurvey of historical vegetation plots is robust to uncertainty in original plot location and, when done properly, provides reliable evidence of decadal changes in plant communities. This provides important background for other resurvey studies and opens up the possibility for large-scale assessments of plant community change.

Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Benátská 2 CZ 128 01 Praha Czech Republic

Department of GIS and Remote Sensing Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Zámek 1 CZ 252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic

Department of Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Lidická 25 27 CZ 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

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