Colorectal cancer is a common type of malignant disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although treatment options have been expanded over the last years, the mainstay of curative treatment remains surgical removal of the tumor-bearing organ. Systemic treatment options include classic cytotoxic drugs as well as some biological agents. Noncoding RNAs are an evolving field in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and possible treatment. Noncoding miRNAs are small molecules with huge impact on gene expression. They have been a substantial part of cancer research for more than a decade. In this review article, the current knowledge of miRNAs and colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis and novel or evolving therapeutic concepts are discussed. Examples of how miRNAs might change the management of the disease will be described.

College of Science Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

Department of Functional Genomics The Oncology Institute Cluj Napoca Romania Department of Immunology and Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'I Hatieganu' 400337 Cluj Napoca România

Division of Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 15 8036 Graz Austria

Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria

Molecular Oncology 2 Solid Cancers Molecular Medicine Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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