p53 plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence and metabolism and is commonly mutated in human cancer. These roles are achieved by interaction with other proteins, but particularly by interaction with DNA. As a transcription factor, p53 is well known to bind consensus target sequences in linear B-DNA. Recent findings indicate that p53 binds with higher affinity to target sequences that form cruciform DNA structure. Moreover, p53 binds very tightly to non-B DNA structures and local DNA structures are increasingly recognized to influence the activity of wild-type and mutant p53. Apart from cruciform structures, p53 binds to quadruplex DNA, triplex DNA, DNA loops, bulged DNA and hemicatenane DNA. In this review, we describe local DNA structures and summarize information about interactions of p53 with these structural DNA motifs. These recent data provide important insights into the complexity of the p53 pathway and the functional consequences of wild-type and mutant p53 activation in normal and tumor cells.

Institute of Biophysics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v v i Královopolská 135 612 65 Brno Czech Republic

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Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 13;19(9):E2737. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092737. PubMed

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Variability of Inverted Repeats in All Available Genomes of Bacteria

R-Loop Tracker: Web Access-Based Tool for R-Loop Detection and Analysis in Genomic DNA Sequences

Evaluating the Influence of a G-Quadruplex Prone Sequence on the Transactivation Potential by Wild-Type and/or Mutant P53 Family Proteins through a Yeast-Based Functional Assay

Amino Acid Composition in Various Types of Nucleic Acid-Binding Proteins

The Influence of Quadruplex Structure in Proximity to P53 Target Sequences on the Transactivation Potential of P53 Alpha Isoforms

Characterization of p53 Family Homologs in Evolutionary Remote Branches of Holozoa

The Rich World of p53 DNA Binding Targets: The Role of DNA Structure

G4Hunter web application: a web server for G-quadruplex prediction

The Amino Acid Composition of Quadruplex Binding Proteins Reveals a Shared Motif and Predicts New Potential Quadruplex Interactors

Correction: Brázda, V. and Coufal, J. Recognition of Local DNA Structures by p53 Protein. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 375

p73, like its p53 homolog, shows preference for inverted repeats forming cruciforms

Complex analyses of inverted repeats in mitochondrial genomes revealed their importance and variability