A novel sorbent made from biochar modified with an amorphous Mn oxide (AMOchar) was compared with pure biochar, pure AMO, AMO+biochar mixtures and biochar+birnessite composite for the removal of various metal(loid)s from aqueous solutions using adsorption and solid-state analyses. In comparison with the pristine biochar, both Mn oxide-biochar composites were able to remove significantly greater quantities of various metal(loid)s from the aqueous solutions, especially at a ratio 2:1 (AMO:biochar). The AMOchar proved most efficient, removing almost 99, 91 and 51% of Pb, As and Cd, respectively. Additionally, AMOchar and AMO+biochar mixture exhibited reduced Mn leaching, compared to pure AMO. Therefore, it is concluded that the synthesis of AMO and biochar is able to produce a double acting sorbent ('dorbent') of enhanced efficiency, compared with the individual deployment of their component materials.

Department of Environmental Geosciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129 165 21 Praha 6 Suchdol Czech Republic

Institute of Geochemistry Mineralogy and Mineral Resources Faculty of Science Charles University Albertov 6 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic

The James Hutton Institute Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK

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AMOchar: an amorphous MnOx functionalized biochar to stabilize metal(loid)s in soil and optimize phytostabilization