Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food for a significant part of the world's population. The growing demand on its production can be satisfied by improving yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Knowledge of the genome sequence would aid in discovering genes and QTLs underlying these traits and provide a basis for genomics-assisted breeding. Physical maps and BAC clones associated with them have been valuable resources from which to generate a reference genome of bread wheat and to assist map-based gene cloning. As a part of a joint effort coordinated by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, we have constructed a BAC-based physical map of bread wheat chromosome arm 7DS consisting of 895 contigs and covering 94% of its estimated length. By anchoring BAC contigs to one radiation hybrid map and three high resolution genetic maps, we assigned 73% of the assembly to a distinct genomic position. This map integration, interconnecting a total of 1713 markers with ordered and sequenced BAC clones from a minimal tiling path, provides a tool to speed up gene cloning in wheat. The process of physical map assembly included the integration of the 7DS physical map with a whole-genome physical map of Aegilops tauschii and a 7DS Bionano genome map, which together enabled efficient scaffolding of physical-map contigs, even in the non-recombining region of the genetic centromere. Moreover, this approach facilitated a comparison of bread wheat and its ancestor at BAC-contig level and revealed a reconstructed region in the 7DS pericentromere.

Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis USA

Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd University of Canberra Bruce Australia

Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia

GDEC INRA Université Clermont Auvergne 5 Chemin de Beaulieu 63000 Clermont Ferrand France

Institute of Experimental Botany Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Šlechtitelů 31 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Laboratoty of Experimental Medicine Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Hněvotínská 5 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK

School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia

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