We provide the first commented checklist of Armenian mayflies, based on all relevant literature and recent extensive sampling of 72 localities throughout Armenia during 2011, 2014, and 2015. Altogether 46 species are listed, eight of them reported from Armenia for the first time. One new species, Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) eurycephalus sp. nov. is described (larva and male imago) based on morphological and molecular (COI) data. The species is characterized by a unique head shape in male imago and by the presence of tracheal filaments on gill plate VII in the larval stage.

The Czech Academy of Sciences Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 CZ 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31 CZ 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

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