Many pathogens, ranging from viruses to multicellular parasites, promote expansion of MDSCs, which are myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive features. The roles of MDSCs in infection depend on the class and virulence mechanisms of the pathogen, the stage of the disease, and the pathology associated with the infection. This work compiles evidence supported by functional assays on the roles of different subsets of MDSCs in acute and chronic infections, including pathogen-associated malignancies, and discusses strategies to modulate MDSC dynamics to benefit the host.

Department of Dermatology University Hospital Münster Münster Germany

Department of Immunology Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Berlin Germany

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany

i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Porto Portugal

IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal

Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases IDMIT Department CEA Université Paris Sud 11 INSERM U1184 IBJF Fontenay aux Roses France

Institut Pasteur HIV Inflammation and Persistence Unit Paris France

Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Institute of Immunology Friedrich Loeffler Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Südufer 10 17493 Greifswald Insel Riems Germany

Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Virology University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg Essen Essen Germany

Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal

Laboratory of Microbiology Parasitology and Hygiene Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium

Molecular and Translational Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospital Münster Münster Germany

Nuclear Receptor Group Department of Cell Biology Physiology and Immunology School of Biology University of Barcelona Av Diagonal 643 3rd floor 08028 Barcelona Spain

University Children's Hospital and Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany

Viral Immunobiology Institute of Experimental Immunology University of Zürich Zurich Switzerland

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