Exposure to Mixed Phthalates in Czech Preschool and School Children
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
31214748
DOI
10.1007/s00244-019-00645-6
PII: 10.1007/s00244-019-00645-6
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- MeSH
- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level MeSH
- Diethylhexyl Phthalate administration & dosage analogs & derivatives urine MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Creatinine urine MeSH
- Phthalic Acids administration & dosage urine MeSH
- Environmental Pollutants administration & dosage urine MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Environmental Exposure analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Diethylhexyl Phthalate MeSH
- Creatinine MeSH
- Phthalic Acids MeSH
- Environmental Pollutants MeSH
- mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate MeSH Browser
- mono-benzyl phthalate MeSH Browser
- mono-isobutyl phthalate MeSH Browser
- monobutyl phthalate MeSH Browser
Knowledge of population exposure to phthalates based on the urinary metabolite levels is of the highest importance for health risk assessment. Such data are scarce in the Czech population. In the study conducted in 2016, six urinary phthalate metabolites were analysed in a total of 370 first morning urine samples of healthy children aged 5 and 9 years, namely mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (5OH-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (5oxo-MEHP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). The two latter mono-butyl phthalate isoforms dominated among all samples with geometric means of 63.0 µg/L (MnBP) and 44.1 µg/L (MiBP), followed by 5OH-MEHP (20.6 µg/L), 5oxo-MEHP (12.9 µg/L), MBzP (3.65 µg/L), and MEHP (2.31 µg/L). Daily intake (DI) of the parent phthalates was estimated using the creatinine-based model. The highest DI values were found for di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) (median 2.5 µg/kg bw/day; 95th percentile 7.8 µg/kg bw/day) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (median 2.3 µg/kg bw/day; 95th percentile 8.9 µg/kg bw/day) in 5-year-old children. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was exceeded in case of DnBP (in 1% of 9-year-olds and in 3% of 5-year-olds). Exposure risk was assessed based on hazard quotients calculation and cumulative approach for similar health effect. The combined exposure to four phthalates expressed by hazard index (HI) for reprotoxicity revealed exceeding of HI threshold in 14% of 5-year-olds and in 9% of 9-year-olds. These findings strongly support the need to reduce the burden of children by phthalates.
3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Ruská 87 10000 Prague Czech Republic
National Institute of Public Health Šrobárova 48 10042 Prague Czech Republic
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