Human-induced climate change, dominated by warming trends, poses a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Species interactions relay the direct and indirect effects of climate warming on individuals to communities, and detailed understanding across these levels is crucial to predict ecological consequences of climate change. We provide a conceptual framework that links temperature effects on insect physiology and behaviour to altered species interactions and community dynamics. We highlight key features of this framework with recent studies investigating the impacts of warming climate on insects and other ectotherms and identify methodological, taxonomic and geographic biases. While the effects of increased constant temperatures are now well understood, future studies should focus on temperature variation, interactions with other stressors and cross-system comparisons.

Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2 Route du CNRS 09200 Moulis France

IRSTEA Aix Marseille Univ UMR RECOVER 3275 route Cézanne 13182 Aix en Provence France

University of South Bohemia Faculty of Science Department of Ecosystem Biology and Soil and Water Research Infrastructure Branišovská 1760 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

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