Warming climate impacts aquatic ectotherms by changes in individual vital rates and declines in body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule (TSR), and indirectly through altered species interactions and environmental feedbacks. The relative importance of these effects in shaping community responses to environmental change is incompletely understood. We employ a tri-trophic food chain model with size- and temperature-dependent vital rates and species interaction strengths to explore the role of direct kinetic effects of temperature and TSR on community structure along resource productivity and temperature gradients. We find that community structure, including the propensity for sudden collapse along resource productivity and temperature gradients, is primarily driven by the direct kinetic effects of temperature on vital rates and thermal mismatches between the consumer and predator species, overshadowing the TSR-mediated effects. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of the complex interplay between temperature, species traits and community dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.

Czech Academy of Sciences Biology Centre Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economy UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway

Department of Ecosystems Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

SNA Skandinavisk naturoveråking AS DNV Tromsø Norway

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