PURPOSE: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) time response to change in body position from sitting to supine and from supine to sitting immediately and during rest in each position. METHODS: Forty-four visually healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. The experiment consisted of the initial sitting position (baseline state), the subsequent lying period and the final sitting period. Both periods were 30 min long. The IOP was measured in the baseline state, immediately after each position change and then in minutes 5, 15, 25 and 30 during each period. The Icare Pro® rebound tonometer was used. RESULTS: The mean IOP increased after each position change (2.6 ± 2.4 mmHg after lying down and 2.1 ± 3.1 mmHg after sitting up) and then gradually decreased with time. The mean IOP was 1.41 ± 2.4 mmHg higher in the lying period than in the sitting period; the mean difference was smaller for the lower baseline (0.9 ± 2.2 mmHg) than the higher baseline (1.9 ± 2.5 mmHg). The mean IOP in the final sitting was significantly lower (2.5 ± 1.9 mmHg) than in the initial sitting position. The effect of sex was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There was an immediate increase in IOP as a response to both changes in the body position and the subsequent gradual decrease with time. The IOP difference between lying and sitting position was depended on baseline.

Faculty of Science Department of Optics Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Allingham RR, Damji KF, Freedman SF, Rhee DR & Shields MB (2010): Textbook of Glaucoma. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 656 p.

Anderson DR & Grant WM (1973): The influence of position on intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol 12: 204–212. PubMed

Arora N, McLaren JW, Hodge DO & Sit AJ (2017): Effect of body position on epsicleral venous pressure in healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58: 5151–5156. PubMed

Barrett KE, Barman S, Boitano S & Brooks HL (2012): Ganong′s review of medical physiology. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 752 p.

Cymerman A,  Rock PB, Muza SR, Lyons TP, Fulco CS, Mazzeo RS, Butterfield G & Moore LG (2000): Intraocular pressure and acclimatization to 4300 M altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 71: 1045–1050. PubMed

Duke‐Elder E (1952): The Phasic Variations in the intraocular tension in primary glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 35: 1–21. PubMed

Ersanli D, Yildiz S, Sonmez M, Akin A, Sen A & Uzun G (2006): Intraocular pressure at a simulated altitude of 9000 m with and without 100% oxygen. Aviat Space Envir Md 7: 704–706. PubMed

Fang SY, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Mat Baki M & Din NM (2018): Effect of prolonged supine position on the intraocular pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256: 783–790. PubMed

Friberg TR (1985): Ocular effects of gravity inversion. West J Med 143: 530–531. PubMed PMC

Friberg TR, Sanborn G & Weinreb RN (1987): Intraocular and episcleral venous pressure increase during inverted posture. Am J Ophthalmol 103: 523–526. PubMed

Galin MA, McIvor JW & Magruder GB (1963): Influence of position on intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 55: 720–723. PubMed

Goldberg I (2003): Relationship between intraocular pressure and preservation of visual field in glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 48: 3–7. PubMed

Hasegawa K, Ishida K, Sawada A, Kawase K & Yamamoto T (2006): Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in suspected normal‐tension glaucoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol 50: 449–454. PubMed

Hirooka K & Shiraga F (2003): Relationship between postural change of the intraocular pressure and visual field loss in primary open‐angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma 12: 379–382. PubMed

Itoop SM, SooHoo JR, Seibold LK, Mansouri K & Kahook MY (2016): Systematic review of current devices for 24‐h intraocular pressure monitoring. Adv Ther 33: 1679–1690. PubMed PMC

Jorge J, Ramoa‐Marques R, Lourenço A, Silva S, Nascimento S, Queirós A & Gonzalez‐Méijome JM (2010): IOP variations in the sitting and supine positions. J Glaucoma 19: 609–612. PubMed

Karadaq R, Sen A, Golmez H, Basmak H, Yildirim N, Karadurmus N, Koseoglu E & Akin A (2008): The effect of short‐term hypobaric hypoxic exposure on intraocular pressure. Curr Eye Res 10: 864–867. PubMed

Katsanos A, Dastiridou AI, Quaranta L, Rulli E, Riva I, Dimasi V, Tsironi EE & Weinreb RN (2017): The effect of posture on intraocular pressure and systemic hemodynamic parameters in treated and untreated patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 33: 598–603. PubMed

Kiuchi T, Motoyama Y & Oshika T (2010): Postural response of intraocular pressure and visual field damage in patients with untreated normal‐tension glaucoma. J Glaucoma 19: 191–193. PubMed

Krist D, Curciefen C & Jenemann A (2001): Transitory intrathoracic and ‐abdominal pressure elevation in the history of 64 patients with normal pressure glaucoma. Klin Monat Sbl Augenh 4: 209–213. PubMed

Lam A, Wu Y, Wong L & Ho N (2013): IOP variations from sitting to supine postures determined by rebound tonometer. J Optom 6: 95–100.

Lee JC, Kim JE & Park KM (2007): Pupil size variability as an index of autonomic activity – from the experiments of posture, sleepiness and congintive task. J Biomed Eng 28: 55–65.

Lee JY, Yoo C, Jung JH, Hwang YH & Kim YY (2012): The effect of lateral decubitus position on intraocular pressure in healthy young subjects. Acta Ophthalmol 2012: e68–e72. PubMed

Lee TE, Yoo C & Kim YY (2013): Effects of different sleeping postures on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure in healthy young subjects. Ophthalmology 120: 1565–1570. PubMed

Lindén C, Qvarlander S, Jóhannesson G, Johansson E, Östlund F, Malm J & Eklund A (2018): Normal‐tension glaucoma has normal intracranial pressure. Ophthalmology 125: 361–368. PubMed

Linder BJ, Trick GL & Wolf ML (1988): Altering body position affects intraocular pressure and visual function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29: 1492–1497. PubMed

Longo A, Geiser MH & Riva CE (2004): Posture changes and subfoveal choroidal blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45: 546–551. PubMed

Malihi M & Sit AJ (2012): Effect of head and body position on intraocular pressure. Ophthalmology 119: 987–991. PubMed

Meurs IA, Thepass G, Stuij A, Bollemeijer JG & Lemij HG (2018): Is a pillow a risk factor for glaucoma? Acta Ophthalmol 96: 795–799. PubMed PMC

Najmanova E, Pluháček F & Botek M (2016): Intraocular pressure response to moderate exercise during 30‐min recovery. Optometry Vision Sci 93: 281–285. PubMed

Najmanova E, Pluháček F & Botek M (2018): Intraocular pressure response to maximal exercise test during recovery. Optom Vis Sci 95: 136–142. PubMed

Najmanová E, Pluháček F, Botek M, Krejčí J & Jarošová J (2019): Intraocular pressure response to short‐term extreme normobaric hypoxia exposure. Front Endocrinol 9: 785. PubMed PMC

Noël C, Kabo AM, Romanet JP, Montmayeur A & Buguet A (2001): Twenty‐four‐hour time course of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous Africans: relation to sleep patterns. Ophthalmology 108: 139–144. PubMed

Parsley J, Powell RG, Keightley SJ & Elkington AR (1987): Postural response of intraocular pressure in chronic open‐angle glaucoma following trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 71: 494–496. PubMed PMC

Pavlidis M, Stupp T, Georgalas I, Georgiadou E, Moschos M & Thanos S (2006): Intraocular pressure changes during high‐altitude acclimatization. Graef Arch Clin Exp 3: 298–304. PubMed

Prata TS, De Moraes CG, Kanadani FN, Ritch R & Paranhos A Jr (2010): Posture‐induced intraocular pressure changes: considerations regarding body position in glaucoma patients. Surv Ophthalmol 55: 445–453. PubMed

Qian CX, Duperré J, Hassanaly S & Harissi‐Dagher M (2012): Pre‐ versus post‐ diltion changes in intraocular pressure: their clinical significance. Can J Ophthalmol 5: 448–452. PubMed

Read SA & Collins MJ (2010): Water drinking influences eye length and IOP in young healthy subjects. Exp Eye Res 91: 180–185. PubMed

Salcedo H, Arciniega D, Mayorga M & Wu L (2018): Role of the water‐drinking test in medically treated primary open angle glaucoma patients. J Fr Ophtalmol 41: 421–424. PubMed

Schweier C, Hanson JV, Funk J & Töteberg‐Harms M (2013): Repeatability of intraocular pressure measurements with Icare PRO rebound, Tono‐Pen AVIA, and Goldmann tonometers in sitting and reclining positions. BMC Ophthalmol, 13: 44. PubMed PMC

Susanna CN, Susanna R Jr, Hatanaka M, Susanna BN, Susanna FN & De Moraes CG (2018): Comparison of intraocular pressure changes during the water drinking test between different fluid volumes in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma 27: 950–956. PubMed

Tarkkanen A & Leikola J (1967): Postural variations of the intraocular pressure as measured with the Mackay‐Marg tonometer. Acta Ophthalmol 45: 569–575. PubMed

Vera J, Jiménez R, Redondo B, Cárdenas D & García‐Ramos A (2018): Fitness level modulates intraocular pressure responses to strength exercises. Curr Eye Res 6: 740–746. PubMed

Weinreb RN, Cook J & Friberg TR (1984): Effect of inverted body position on intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 98: 784–787. PubMed

Wilensky JT, Gieser DK, Dietsche ML, Mori MT & Zeimer R (1993): Individual variability in the diurnal intraocular pressure curve. Ophthalmology 100: 940–944. PubMed