The family Cactaceae Juss. contains some of the most widespread and damaging invasive alien plant species in the world, with Australia (39 species), South Africa (35) and Spain (24) being the main hotspots of invasion. The Global Cactus Working Group (IOBC GCWG) was launched in 2015 to improve international collaboration and identify key actions that can be taken to limit the impacts caused by cactus invasions worldwide. Based on the results of an on-line survey, information collated from a review of the scientific and grey literature, expertise of the authors, and because invasiveness appears to vary predictably across the family, we (the IOBC GCWG): (1) recommend that invasive and potentially invasive cacti are regulated, and to assist with this propose five risk categories; (2) recommend that cactus invasions are treated physically or chemically before they become widespread; (3) advocate the use of biological control to manage widespread invasive species; and (4) encourage the development of public awareness and engagement initiatives to integrate all available knowledge and perspectives in the development and implementation of management actions, and address conflicts of interest, especially with the agricultural and ornamental sectors. Implementing these recommendations will require global co-operation. The IOBC GCWG aims to assist with this process though the dissemination of information and experience.

Anses Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux Unité Entomologie et Plantes invasives 34988 Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France

CABI Africa Nairobi 633 00621 Kenya

Centre for Biological Control Department of Zoology and Entomology PO Box 94 Rhodes Uiversity Grahamstown 6139 South Africa

Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Coimbra 3000 456 Portugal

Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa

Conservation Services South African National Parks Skukuza 1350 South Africa

Department of Agriculture University of Sassari 07100 Sassari Italy

Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 CZ 128 44 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Baron Hay Court South Perth ‎6151 Australia

Division of Conservation Biology Vegetation and Landscape Ecology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna 1030 Vienna Austria

Helmuth Zimmermann and Associates Pretoria 0043 South Africa

Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology The Czech Academy of Sciences CZ 252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic

Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra Coimbra 3045 601 Portugal

Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries GPO Box 267 Brisbane Qld 4001 Queensland Australia

South African National Biodiversity Institute Kirstenbosch Research Centre Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 South Africa

VAERSA Generalitat Valenciana E 46011 Valencia Spain

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