Zirconium as a suitable reference element for estimating potentially toxic element enrichment in treated wastewater discharge vicinity
Jazyk angličtina Země Nizozemsko Médium electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
31673802
DOI
10.1007/s10661-019-7812-6
PII: 10.1007/s10661-019-7812-6
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Botswana, Enrichment factor, Geochemical background, Normaliser, Potentially toxic elements, Soil contamination,
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rubidium analýza MeSH
- stroncium analýza MeSH
- zirkonium analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Botswana MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- půda MeSH
- rubidium MeSH
- stroncium MeSH
- zirkonium MeSH
The suitability of a reference element or normalizer used in assessing soil contamination levels using enrichment factor (EF) is important for soil quality assessment and monitoring. This study evaluated the results of using three reference elements Ti, Fe, and Zr for EF determination of Rb and Sr in soils within treated wastewater discharge vicinity, Central Botswana. The upper continental crust (UCC), world average values (WAV), and the local background values (LBV) were used in EF assessment of eight pedons. The elemental concentrations of the soils were determined with portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyzer. Relationships between the elements were strongly significant between Rb and Ti (r = 0.600, p < 0.01), Rb and Fe (r = 0.735, p < 0.01), Sr and Ti (r = 0.545, p < 0.01), and Sr and Fe (r = 0.841, p < 0.01). Second-level correlation analysis between contamination factor (CF) and EF levels showed Zr as the best reference element for Rb and Sr in the soils. Results from this study provide baseline knowledge necessary for contamination assessment and monitoring of soils with similar environmental conditions.
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