Removal of selected metals from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied. The objective of the work was to determine the efficiency of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Sr, Li, and Rb removal, and to describe the main removal mechanisms. The highest removal efficiencies were attained for zinc and copper (89.8 and 81.5%, respectively). It is apparently due to the precipitation of insoluble sulfides (ZnS, CuS) in the vegetation bed where the sulfate reduction takes place. Significantly lower removal efficiencies (43.9, 27.7, and 21.5%) were observed for Li, Sr, and Rb, respectively. Rather, low removal efficiencies were also attained for Ni and Co (39.8 and 20.9%). However, the concentrations of these metals in treated water were significantly lower compared to Cu and Zn (e.g., 2.8 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.3 μg/l for Ni at the inflow and outflow from the wetland compared to 27.6 ± 12.0 and 5.1 ± 4.7 μg/l obtained for Cu, respectively). The main perspective of the constructed wetland is the removal of toxic heavy metals forming insoluble compounds depositing in the wetland bed. Metal uptake occurs preferentially in wetland sediments and is closely associated with the chemism of sulfur and iron.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kobalt chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lithium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- měď chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- nikl chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- rubidium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- stroncium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zinek chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In this study, affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined to investigate non-covalent binding interactions between the hexaarylbenzene-based receptor (R) and alkali metal ions, Rb(+) and Cs(+) , in methanol. The apparent binding (stability) constants (K(b) ) of the complexes of receptor R with alkali metal ions in the methanolic medium were determined by ACE from the dependence of effective electrophoretic mobility of the receptor R on the concentration of Rb(+) and Cs(+) ions in the BGE using a non-linear regression analysis. The receptor R formed relatively strong complexes both with rubidium (log K(b) =4.04±0.21) and cesium ions (log K(b) =3.72±0.22). The structural characteristics of the above alkali metal ion complexes with the receptor R were described by ab initio density functional theory calculations. These calculations have shown that the studied cations bind to the receptor R because they synergistically interact with the polar ethereal fence and with the central benzene ring via cation-π interaction.
The physiological role of Candida albicans Cnh1, a member of the Na+/H+ antiporter family, was characterized. Though CaCnh1p had broad substrate specificity and mediated efflux of at least four alkali metal cations upon heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, its presence in C. albicans cells was important especially for potassium homeostasis. In C. albicans, CaCnh1p tagged with GFP was localized in the plasma membrane of cells growing as both yeasts and hyphae. Deletion of CNH1 alleles did not affect tolerance to NaCl, LiCl or CsCl, but resulted in increased sensitivity to high external concentrations of KCl and RbCl. The potassium and rubidium tolerance of a cnh1 homozygous mutant was fully restored by reintegration of CNH1 into the genome. The higher sensitivity of the cnh1/cnh1 mutant to external KCl was caused by a lower K+ efflux from these cells. Together, the functional characterization of the CaCnh1 antiporter in C. albicans revealed that this antiporter plays a significant role in C. albicans physiology. It ensures potassium and rubidium tolerance and participates in the regulation of intracellular potassium content of C. albicans cells.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná membrána chemie MeSH
- Candida albicans metabolismus MeSH
- cesium farmakologie MeSH
- chlorid draselný farmakologie MeSH
- chlorid lithný farmakologie MeSH
- chlorid sodný farmakologie MeSH
- chloridy farmakologie MeSH
- delece genu MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fungální léková rezistence MeSH
- fungální proteiny analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- hyfy chemie MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- kvasinky chemie MeSH
- Na(+)-H(+) antiport analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rubidium farmakologie MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetika metabolismus MeSH
- substrátová specifita MeSH
- testy genetické komplementace MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- erytrocytární membrána metabolismus MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hyperglykemie metabolismus MeSH
- hypertenze metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lithium farmakokinetika MeSH
- rubidium metabolismus MeSH
- sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
The possible association of plasma lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol) with erythrocyte Na+ content (Na+i) and/or with alterations in red cell Na+ and K+ (Rb+) transport was studied in a population of F2 hybrids obtained by crossing hypertensive Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridaemic (HTG) rats with normotensive Lewis rats. The obtained data indicated a strong cosegregation (p < 0.001) of plasma triglycerides with erythrocyte Na+ content. This was the cause for the close correlation of plasma triglycerides with the Na(+)-K+ pump activity (measured as ouabain-sensitive Na+ extrusion). On the contrary, there was only marginal association (p < 0.05) of erythrocyte Na+ content with plasma cholesterol which was significantly (p < 0.01) related to burnetanide-sensitive Rb+ uptake mediated by the Na(+)-K+ cotransport system. Na+ leak (bumetanide-resistant net Na+ uptake) correlated positively with blood pressure in female but not in male F2 rats. The close association between plasma triglycerides and erythrocyte Na+ content suggests that ion transport alterations might contribute to mechanisms responsible for the cosegregation of blood pressure with plasma triglycerides in HTG x Lewis F2 hybrids.
- MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- erytrocyty * metabolismus MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- křížení genetické MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
- rubidium diagnostické užití krev MeSH
- sodík-draslík-chloridové symportéry MeSH
- sodík * krev MeSH
- transportní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- triglyceridy * krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Red blood cell Na+ content as well as ouabain-resistant Na+ and Rb+ (K+) transport (susceptible or resistant to inhibition by loop diuretics) were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rats the erythrocytes of which were incubated in either saline or Mg(2+)-sucrose medium. Elevated ouabain-resistant Na+ net uptake contrasted with slightly decreased red blood cell Na+ content in SHR compared with BN rats. Acceleration of furosemide- and bumetanide-sensitive Na+ fluxes contributed to enhanced ouabain-resistant Na+ influx into SHR erythrocytes in saline medium, whereas higher furosemide- or bumetanide-resistant Na+ efflux caused greater ouabain-resistant Na+ efflux in Mg(2+)-sucrose medium. Furosemide- and bumetanide-resistant Rb+ leaks were augmented in SHR erythrocytes. The association of the disclosed ion transport alterations with blood pressure was examined in 20 recombinant inbred strains derived from F2 SHR x BN hybrids. Ouabain-resistant Na+ uptake as well as furosemide- and bumetanide-resistant Na+ inward leaks (but not red blood cell Na+ content or furosemide- and bumetanide-sensitive Na+ net uptake) cosegregated with systolic and pulse pressures but not diastolic pressure of the recombinant inbred strains. In contrast, neither ouabain-resistant Na+ efflux nor any component of ouabain-resistant Rb+ uptake correlated positively with blood pressure of the recombinant inbred strains. Increased ouabain-resistant Na+ influx was compensated for by accelerated ouabain-sensitive Na+ extrusion because red blood cell Na+ content was not elevated in the hypertensive strains. Thus, high cell Na+ turnover rates might be related to genetic hypertension if an altered Na+ inward leak would be less effectively compensated for in tissues involved in cardiovascular regulation.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- bumetanid farmakologie MeSH
- draslík farmakokinetika MeSH
- erytrocyty * metabolismus MeSH
- furosemid farmakologie MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- hybridizace genetická MeSH
- hypertenze * patofyziologie MeSH
- krevní tlak genetika účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ouabain farmakologie MeSH
- potkani inbrední BN MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- rubidium farmakokinetika MeSH
- sodík * farmakokinetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
