BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is considered to be a risk factor for developing anxiety as well as chronic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood trauma and reporting anxiety and long-term pain conditions in the general and clinical populations. METHODS: Respondents from a representative sample in the Czech Republic (n = 1800, mean age: 46.6 years, 48.7% male) and patients with a clinically diagnosed anxiety or adjustment disorder (n = 67, mean age: 40.5 years, 18.0% male) were asked to report anxiety, various chronic and pain-related conditions, and childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted in 2016 and 2017. RESULTS: Reporting emotional abuse (Odds ratio OR from 2.14 to 14.71), emotional neglect (OR from 2.42 to 10.99), or physical neglect (OR from 2.24 to 3.30) was associated with reporting anxiety and long-term pain both in the general and clinical populations and reporting physical abuse moreover with reporting anxiety or adjustment disorder with concurrent long-term pain (OR from 4.04 to 6.39). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the relevance of childhood trauma as a possible factor contributing to anxiety with concurrent pain conditions in adulthood in both the general and clinical populations.

Department of Health Psychology Faculty of Medicine P J Safarik University Trieda SNP 1 04011 Kosice Slovakia

Department of Psychiatry Slovak Medical University Faculty of Medicine Limbova 12 833 03 Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Social Work St Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work Palackeho 1 81102 Bratislava Slovakia

Olomouc University Social Health Institute Palacky University Olomouc Univerzitni 22 77111 Olomouc Czech Republic

Psychiatric Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic Heydukova 27 81108 Bratislava Slovakia

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