The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.

Centre for Psychological Medicine Perdana University Serdang Malaysia

College of Health Solutions Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona United States

College of Nursing and Health Sciences Flinders University Adelaide Australia

Department of Anthropology University of Colorado Colorado Springs United States

Department of Art Studies Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran

Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods School of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Clinical Psychology Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Department of Dermatology Venereology and Andrology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt

Department of Education Languages Intercultures Literatures and Psychology University of Florence Florence Italy

Department of Education University of Almeria Almeria Spain

Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling Faculty of Education Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Department of Food and Nutrition School of Pharmaceutical Science of São Paulo State University São Paulo Brazil

Department of General and Evolutionary Psychology Institute of Psychology University of Pécs Pécs Hungary

Department of Human Resources Saint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon

Department of Marketing Management and Public Relations University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Department of Nursing All Nations University College Koforidua Ghana

Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports Poznań University of Physical Education Poznań Poland

Department of Physical Education São Judas Tadeu University São Paulo Brazil

Department of Physiology Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Sri Balaji Vidyapeth India

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology Université du Québec en Outaouais Saint Jérôme Canada

Department of Psychology Ahmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta Indonesia

Department of Psychology and Counseling United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems an der Donau Austria; Department of Psychology Research Methods Assessment and iScience University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany

Department of Psychology Catholic University of Brasília Taguatinga Brazil

Department of Psychology Chapman University Orange United States

Department of Psychology D A 5 College Muzaffarnagar India

Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Rijeka Rijeka Croatia

Department of Psychology Faculty of Humanities Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

Department of Psychology Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lonrez Bogotá Colombia

Department of Psychology HELP University Shah Alam Malaysia

Department of Psychology Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta Indonesia

Department of Psychology Ochanomizu University Tokyo Japan

Department of Psychology Ohio State University Columbus United States

Department of Psychology Panteion University of Athens Athens Greece

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Psychology Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia

Department of Psychology Universidad Latina de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica

Department of Psychology University de los Andes Bogotá Colombia

Department of Psychology University of Macau Taipa China

Department of Psychology University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Department of Psychology University of Porto Porto Portugal

Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles United States

Department of Psychology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

Department of Psychology University of Zadar Zadar Croatia

Department of Psychology West University of Timișoara Timișoara Romania

Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education University of Valencia Valencia Spain

Department of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts Institute of Business Administration Karachi Pakistan

Department of Social Sciences Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan

Department of Social Work West University of Timișoara Timișoara Romania

Department of Undergraduate Studies Temple University Japan Tokyo Japan

Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands

Division of Psychology Faculty of Liberal Arts Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand

Division of Psychology Faculty of Liberal Arts Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand; School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury United Kingdom

Division of Research Physical Education College of the Brazilian Army Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Faculty of Humanities Universidad Católica Campus Itapúa Encarnación Paraguay

Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Southeast Minas Gerais São Barbacena Brazil

Federal University of Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil

Indira Gandhi Government General Hospital and Postgraduate Institute Puducherry India

Institute for Research on Children Youth and Family Faculty of Social Studies Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Psychology Marie Curie Skłodowska University Lublin Poland

Midwifery Department Ege University İzmir Turkey

Midwifery Department Munzur University Tunceli Turkey

Physical Education Unit Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Santa Lucia Foundation Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare Rome Italy

School of Behavioral Sciences Academic College of Tel Aviv Yaffo Yaffo Israel

School of Health Sciences Neapolis University Paphos Paphos Cyprus

School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia

School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Tempe United States

School of Kinesiology University of Western Ontario Ontario Canada

School of Psychology and Sport Science Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine Perdana University Serdang Malaysia

School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China

School of Psychology Ulster University Coleraine Northern Ireland United Kingdom

School of Social Sciences University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom

Slovene Centre for Suicide Research Andrej Marusic Institute and Department of Psychology FAMNIT University of Primorska Koper Slovenia

Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups