AIM: Alien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co-occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co-occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Recent. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Trees. METHODS: We combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation-plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species' traits. RESULTS: In both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co-occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co-occurring species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species' native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.

Biodiversity Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany

Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CNRS Université Paul Valéry Montpellier EPHE Univ Montpellier Montpellier France

Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany

Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia

Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium

CREAF Barcelona Spain

CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF CSIC UAB Barcelona Spain

Data and Modelling Centre Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany

Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile

Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany

Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida

Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California

Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina

Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham United Kingdom

Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Halle Germany

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence Rhode Island

Department of Environmental Biology University Sapienza of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul Minnesota

Division of Conservation Biology Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany

Estonian Academy of Sciences Tallinn Estonia

Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science University of Rostock Rostock Germany

Faculty of Science Department of Biology University of A Coruña Coruña Spain

Faculty of Science Department of Ecology Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada

Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith South DC New South Wales Australia

Institute for Alpine Environment EURAC Research Bolzano Italy

Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands

Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic

Institute of Botany Plant Science and Biodiversity Center Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin Russian Academy of Sciences Tolyatti Russia

Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg Institute of Biology Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle Germany

Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany

Plant Ecology Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany

Research Unit of Biodiversity University of Oviedo Mieres Spain

School of Geography University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom

Scientific Service Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany

Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Birmensdorf Switzerland

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia

Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany

Vegetation Ecology Institute of Environment and Natural Resources Switzerland

Vegetation Forest and Landscape Ecology Wageningen Environmental Research Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands

Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China

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