Haemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) blood parasites are commonly reported from anuran hosts. Dactylosomatidae (Jakowska and Nigrelli, 1955) is a group of haemogregarines comprising Dactylosoma Labbé, 1894 and Babesiosoma Jakowska and Nigrelli, 1956. Currently Dactylosoma and Babesiosoma contain five recognised species each. In the current study, a total of 643 anurans, comprising 38 species, 20 genera, and 13 families were collected from South Africa (n = 618) and Belgium (n = 25), and their blood screened for the presence of dactylosomatid parasites. Three anuran species were found infected namely, Ptychadena anchietae (Bocage, 1868) and Sclerophrys gutturalis (Power, 1927) from South Africa, and Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from Belgium. Based on morphological characteristics, morphometrics and molecular results a new dactylosomatid, Dactylosoma kermiti n. sp. is described form Pty. anchietae and Scl. gutturalis. The species of Dactylosoma isolated from Pel. lessonae could not, based on morphological or molecular analysis, be identified to species level. Phylogenetic analysis shows species of Dactylosoma infecting anurans as a monophyletic group separate from the other haemogregarine groups. Additionally, the mosquitoes Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) mashonaensis Theobald, 1901 and U. (Pfc.) montana Ingram and De Meillon, 1927 were observed feeding on Scl. gutturalis in situ and possible dividing stages of this new parasite were observed in the mosquitoes. This study is the first to describe a dactylosomatid parasite based on morphological and molecular data from Africa as well as observe potential stages in possible dipteran vectors.

African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa

Animal Ecology Global Change and Sustainable Development University of Leuven Charles Debériotstraat 32 B 3000 Leuven Belgium

Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 CZ 611 37 Brno Czech Republic

Hasselt University Centre for Environmental Sciences Research Group Zoology Biodiversity and Toxicology Agoralaan Gebouw D B 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium

Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics University of Leuven Charles Debériotstraat 32 B 3000 Leuven Belgium

South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Somerset Street Grahamstown 6140 South Africa

Water Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North West University Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa

Zoology Unit Finnish Museum of Natural History P O Box 17 FI 00014 University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

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