BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the official postgraduate and subspecialty training programs in movement disorders (MD) in Europe and North Africa. OBJECTIVE: To survey the accessible MD clinical training in these regions. METHODS: We designed a survey on clinical training in MD in different medical fields, at postgraduate and specialized levels. We assessed the characteristics of the participants and the facilities for MD care in their respective countries. We examined whether there are structured, or even accredited postgraduate, or subspecialty MD training programs in neurology, neurosurgery, internal medicine, geriatrics, neuroradiology, neuropediatrics, and general practice. Participants also shared their suggestions and needs. RESULTS: The survey was completed in 31/49 countries. Structured postgraduate MD programs in neurology exist in 20 countries; structured neurology subspecialty training exists in 14 countries and is being developed in two additional countries. Certified neurology subspecialty training was reported to exist in 7 countries. Recommended reading lists, printed books, and other materials are the most popular educational tools, while courses, lectures, webinars, and case presentations are the most popular learning formats. Mandatory activities and skills to be certified were not defined in 15/31 countries. Most participants expressed their need for a mandatory postgraduate MD program and for certified MD sub-specialization programs in neurology. CONCLUSION: Certified postgraduate and subspecialty training exists only in a minority of European countries and was not found in the surveyed Egypt and Tunisia. MD training should be improved in many countries.

Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Trust Chertsey Surrey UK

CNS Campus Neurológico Sénior Torres Vedras Portugal

Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Medicine Zagreb University Zagreb Croatia

Department of Clinical Neurology Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia

Department of Clinical Sciences Division of Neurology Lund University Lund Sweden

Department of Neurology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark

Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine Prague Czech Republic

Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for Doctors named after A Aliyev Baku Republic of Azerbaijan

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery National Institute of Health Yerevan Armenia

Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery University of Tartu Tartu Estonia

Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics Southwestern Medical Center University of Texas Dallas Texas US

Department of Neurology CCS University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Department of Neurology Clinical Center of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro

Department of Neurology Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin Ireland

Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine P J Safarik University Kosice Slovak Republic

Department of Neurology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey

Department of Neurology Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands

Department of Neurology Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Neurological Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands

Department of Neurology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria

Department of Neurology Movement Disorders Imaging and Neurostimulation University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany

Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Department of Neurology Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital Riga Latvia

Department of Neurology Razi Hospital Faculté de Médecine de Tunis University Tunis El Manar Tunisia

Department of Neurology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

Department of Neurology Sorbonne Université Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Inserm CNRS Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Paris France

Department of Neurology State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Nicolae Testemitanu Chisinau Republic of Moldova

Department of Neurology Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia

Department of Neurology The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK

Department of Neurology Transilvania University Braşov Romania

Department of Neurology University Hospital L Pasteur Kosice Slovak Republic

Department of Neurology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini University of Turin Italy

Department of Neurosciences Neurology Service Hospital Santa Maria Lisbon Portugal

Instituto de Medicina Molecular Lisbon Portugal

Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Portugal

Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Department Hospital Ruber Internacional Madrid Spain

Neurosciences Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute St George's University of London London UK

Silesian Center of Neurology Katowice Poland

Somnus Sleep and Movement Disorders Clinic Yerevan Armenia

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