Trait-based analyses explaining the different responses of species and communities to environmental changes are increasing in frequency. European butterflies are an indicator group that responds rapidly to environmental changes with extensive citizen science contributions to documenting changes of abundance and distribution. Species traits have been used to explain long- and short-term responses to climate, land-use and vegetation changes. Studies are often characterised by limited trait sets being used, with risks that the relative roles of different traits are not fully explored. Butterfly trait information is dispersed amongst various sources and descriptions sometimes differ between sources. We have therefore drawn together multiple information sets to provide a comprehensive trait database covering 542 taxa and 25 traits described by 217 variables and sub-states of the butterflies of Europe and Maghreb (northwest Africa) which should serve for improved trait-based ecological, conservation-related, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of this group of insects. We provide this data in two forms; the basic data and as processed continuous and multinomial data, to enhance its potential usage.

Centre for Ecology Environment and Conservation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford OX3 0BP UK

Croatian Natural History Museum Demetrova 1 10 000 Zagreb Croatia

Department of Biology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain

Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor Lieser Strasse 4 06120 Halle Germany

Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Università degli Studi di Torino Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy

iDiv German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre CAS Branisovska 31 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 7 30 387 Kraków Poland

Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Eberswalder Str 90 15374 Müncheberg Germany

UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Maclean Building Benson Lane Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford OX10 8BB UK

ZEN lab Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Firenze Via Madonna del Piano 6 50019 Comune di Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy

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