The role of immune system in carcinogenesis represents fundamental events associated with cancer eradication; however, tumor evolution is connected with various mechanisms of tumor evasion and progression of cancer. Based on recent evidence, phytochemicals are directly associated with immunomodulation of the innate and adaptive immunity via different mechanisms of action including stimulation and amplification of immune cells, humoral compartments, and associated molecules. This comprehensive study focuses on immunomodulating potential of phytochemicals (mixture in plants or separately such as individual phytochemical) and their impact on regulation of immune response during cancer development, immune tolerance, and immune escape. Clinical application of phytochemicals as modulators of host immunity against cancer may represent perspective approach in anticancer therapy.

1st Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava Slovakia

2nd Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno Czech Republic

2nd Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Gynecologic Oncology The Norwegian Radium Hospital Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway

Department of Immunology and School of Medicine Keimyung University Dalseo Gu Daegu Korea

Department of Medical Biochemistry Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovakia

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava 03601 Martin Slovakia

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Kukuras Michalovce Hospital Michalovce Slovakia

Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Education City Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar

Faculty of Medicine University of Oviedo Central University Hospital of Asturias Oviedo Spain

Gastroenterology Unit Department of Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico GB Rossi University of Verona Verona Italy

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