The risks related to the COVID-19 are multi-faceted including but by far not restricted to the following: direct health risks by poorly understood effects of COVID-19 infection, overloaded capacities of healthcare units, restricted and slowed down care of patients with non-communicable disorders such as cancer, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, among others; social risks-restricted and broken social contacts, isolation, professional disruption, explosion of aggression in the society, violence in the familial environment; mental risks-loneliness, helplessness, defenceless, depressions; and economic risks-slowed down industrial productivity, broken delivery chains, unemployment, bankrupted SMEs, inflation, decreased capacity of the state to perform socially important programs and to support socio-economically weak subgroups in the population. Directly or indirectly, the above listed risks will get reflected in a healthcare occupation and workload which is a tremendous long-term challenge for the healthcare capacity and robustness. The article does not pretend to provide solutions for all kind of health risks. However, it aims to present the scientific evidence of great clinical utility for primary, secondary, and tertiary care to protect affected individuals in a cost-effective manner. To this end, due to pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, naturally occurring plant substances are capable to protect affected individuals against COVID-19-associated life-threatening complications such as lung damage. Furthermore, they can be highly effective, if being applied to secondary and tertiary care of noncommunicable diseases under pandemic condition. Thus, the stratification of patients evaluating specific health conditions such as sleep quality, periodontitis, smoking, chronic inflammation and diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity, vascular dysfunction, and cancers would enable effective managemenet of COVID-19-associated complications in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).

Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129 16500 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava 03601 Martin Slovakia

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava 03601 Martin Slovakia

Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Germany

Museum of Literature in Moravia Klášter 1 66461 Rajhrad Czech Republic

Predictive Preventive and Personalised Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bonn Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn 53127 Bonn Germany

Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar Education City Qatar Foundation Doha 24144 Qatar

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Antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of plant-derived compounds: a great utility potential for primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the framework of 3P medicine

Caution, "normal" BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight-EPMA Position Paper 2021