Phenolic acids
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Složení fenolové kyseliny kvetoucích výhonků Caragana frutex bylo analyzováno metodou HPLC. Byl stanoven kvantitativní obsah sedm fenolických kyselin a jejich derivátů: kyselina galová, p-hydroxyfenyloctová, chlorogenová, kávová, р-kumarová, trans-ferulová, sinapová). Kyselina sinapová (513,0 μg/g) a kyselina chlorogenová (98,4 μg/g) převládají mezi deriváty kyseliny hydroxyskořicové. Antioxidační aktivita výhonků Caragana frutex stanovená ABTS metodou činila 9368,51 ± 30,07 μg/g, vyjádřeno jako ekvivalent Troloxu.
The phenolic acid composition of flowering Caragana frutex shoots was analyzed by the HPLC method. The quantitative content of seven phenolic acids and their derivatives has been determined: gallic, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic, chlorogenic, caffeic, р-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and sinapic) acids. Sinapic acid (513.0 μg/g) and chlorogenic acid (98.4 μg/g) predominate among phenolic acid derivatives. The antioxidant activity of Caragana frutex shoots determined by the ABTS method equaled 9368.51 ± 30.07 μg/g expressed as Trolox equivalent.
In the present study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA 100 was used in the plate-incorporation test to examine the antimutagenic potential of caffeic, ferulic and cichoric acids extracted from plant species of genera Echinacea (L) Moench, as well as of another phenolic acids, on 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5NFAA) and sodium azide mutagenicity. All tested compounds possess antimutagenic activity. In the case of 5NFAA, the antimutagenic potency of tested compounds was in the order of gallic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > syringic acid > vanillic acid. The mutagenic effect of sodium azide was inhibited by tested phenolic acids by about 20-35 %. The most effective compound, gallic acid inhibits this effect by 82 % in the concentration of 500 mug/plate. The only exception from favourable properties of tested phenolic acids is cichoric acid, which in the contrary significantly increased the mutagenic effect of 5NFAA.
- MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- farmakologické a toxikologické jevy účinky záření MeSH
- hydroxybenzoáty analýza chemie MeSH
- kyselina chlorovodíková chemie MeSH
- kyselina dusitá analýza chemie MeSH
- kyselina salicylová analýza chemie MeSH
- kyselina vanilová chemie MeSH
- kyseliny sírové chemie MeSH
- nitrofenoly chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
A new method for the electrophoretic separation of nine phenolic acids (derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids) with contactless conductometric detection is presented. Based on theoretical calculations, in which the mobility of the electrolyte co- and counterions and mobility of analytes are taken into consideration, the electrolyte composition and detection mode was selected. This approach was found to be especially valuable for optimization of the electrolyte composition for the separation of analytes having medium mobility. Indirect conductometric detection mode was superior to the direct mode as predicted theoretically. The best performance was achieved with 150 mM 2-amino-2-methylpropanol electrolyte at pH 11.6. The separation was carried out in a counter-electroosmotic mode and completed in less than 6 min. The LODs achieved were about 2.3-3.3 microM and could be further improved to 0.12-0.17 microM by using a sample stacking procedure. The method compares well to the UV-Vis detection.
We used reversed phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for direct analysis of mycolic acids (MAs) from four different cultivations of Rhodococcus erythropolis. This technique enabled us to identify and quantify the specific molecular species of MAs directly from lipid extracts of the bacterium, including the determination of their basic characteristics such as retention time and mass spectra. We identified a total of 60 molecular species of MAs by means of LC/MS. In collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry, the [M-H](-) ions eliminated two residues, i.e., meroaldehyde and carboxylate anions containing α-alkyl chains. The structural information from these fragment ions affords structural assignment of the mycolic acids, including the lengths and number of double bond(s). Two strains, i.e., R. erythropolis CCM 2595 and genetically modified strain CCM 2595 pSRK 21 phe were cultivated on two different substrates (phenol and phenol with addition of humic acids as a sole carbon source). The addition of humic acids showed that there is a marked increase of unsaturated mycolic acids, mostly in the range of 20-100 %. This effect is more pronounced in the R. erythropolis CCM 2595 strain.
- MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- fenol metabolismus MeSH
- huminové látky MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- kyseliny mykolové chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Rhodococcus chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae obsahujú účinné látky prevažne v listoch. V podčeľadi Nepetoideae, kam patrí rod Mentha L., ide hlavne o silicu a fenolové látky s antioxidačnou aktivitou, najmä hydroxyškoricové kyseliny s prevahou kyseliny rozmarínovej a flavonoidy. Medicínsky a priemyselne využívané sú najmä mäty M. × piperita a M. spicata, druh M. x villosa je u nás menej známy. Listové drogy sa spravidla hodnotia ako celok, ojedinele sa hodnotia jednotlivé listové inzercie. V tejto práci sa sledoval liekopisnými metódami v jednotlivých listových pároch Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná celkový obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov (THD) vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová a flavonoidov luteolínového typu, ktoré sa v tejto rastline vyskytujú v najväčšom množstve. Obsah THD vo vodných extraktoch listových párov kolísal v rozmedzí 6,7–9,4 %, v metanolových extraktoch 6,6–14,0 %. Flavonoidy stanovené ako luteolín-7-O-glukozid sa nachádzali vo vodných extraktoch v množstve 4,0–8,8 %, v metanolových extraktoch v množstve 4,0–10,5 %. Antioxidačná aktivita (DPPH) stanovená ako SC50 kolísala vo vodných extraktoch listových párov v rozmedzí 10,2–16,9 μg.ml–1 (suchej hmotnosti drogy), v metanolových extraktoch v rozmedzí 10,7 až 21,6 μg.ml–1. Najvyšší obsah fenolových látok a najvyššia antioxidačná aktivita bola v extraktoch z vrcholových listov, najnižší obsah fenolových látok a najnižšia antioxidačná aktivita sa zaznamenala v extraktoch listov zo strednej časti stonky.
Lamiaceae plants mostly accumulate active ingredients in their leaves. The subfamily Nepetoideae, including the genus Mentha L., is characterized by the presence of essential oil and antioxidant phenolics, chiefly hydroxycinnamic acids with predominance of rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids. Mentha × piperita and M. spicata are the most broadly used mints in both medicine and industry, while M. x villosa is less known in our country. Herbal drugs in the form of leaves are usually analysed unpartitioned, while single leaves insertions have only been studied occasionally. Therefore, the aim of this work was the quantification of the active compounds content in the leaves pairs of Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná, using pharmacopoeial methods: total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (THD) and luteolin-type flavonoids. THD content ranged from 6.7% to 9.4% in the leaves pairs’ water extracts, and from 6.6% to 14.0% in methanol extracts. Flavonoids contents, expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, ranged from 4.0% to 8.8% in water extracts, and from 4.0% to 10.5% in methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) expressed as SC50 ranged from 10.2 to 16.9 μg.ml–1 (drug dry weight) in water extracts, and from 10.7 to 21.6 μg.ml–1 in methanol extracts. The highest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity were found to be in the top sheet, while the lowest content of phenolic compounds and lowest antioxidant activity were detected in the leaves of the middle stem part.
- Klíčová slova
- Mentha x villosa,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- fenoly * analýza chemie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * chemie MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- máta * chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Eight phenolic acids were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis. On-line analyte preconcentration was carried out by hydrodynamic injection of large volume of sample followed by removal of the bulk of the low conductivity sample matrix by polarity switching. The optimal electrolyte system consisted of 50mM sodium tetraborate of pH 9.0 (adjusted with 0.1 M phosphoric acid) containing 2% of alpha-cyclodextrin. The separations were carried out with a fused silica capillary (effective length 50 cm, i.d. 50 microm) and monitored at 200 nm. Under optimized preconcentration conditions (sample injection 99 s at 100 mbar and the polarity switching time 1.0 min) linear calibration ranges (0.1-2.0 microg/ml, R=0.9979-0.9995), favourable limits of detection (0.01-0.025 microg/ml) and good repeatability of the peak areas (R.S.D.: 2.76-5.69%, n=6) were achieved.
