This article deals with the possibility of utilization of secondary-raw materials as a natural sand replacement in concrete. Four types of waste construction materials were examined-recycled aggregate from four different sources. The natural aggregate was examined as well as used as the reference sample. All the samples were tested to evaluate the water absorption, particle size distribution, and particle density. The basic chemical reactions in the view of ecotoxicology are investigated and measured based on Czech standards. Chemical analysis, Lemna growth inhibition test, freshwater algae, daphnia acute, and mustard germination toxicity test were made and discussed in this paper. Based on the physical and geometrical properties and ecotoxicology of examined waste materials, this work evaluated them as suitable for utilization in concrete as a sand replacement.

Department of Building Structures Faculty of Civil Engineering of Technical University Prague Thakurova 7 160 00 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Environmental Chemistry Faculty of Environmental Technology of University of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 5 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

Research Team Architecture and the Environment University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings of Technical University Prague Trinecka 1024 273 43 Bustehrad Czech Republic

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