Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be tackled through a One Health approach, as stated in the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on AMR. We describe the landscape of AMR surveillance in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and underline a gap regarding veterinary medicine. Current AMR surveillance efforts are of limited help to veterinary practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve antimicrobial stewardship in animal health. We propose to establish the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) to report on the AMR situation, follow AMR trends and detect emerging AMR in selected bacterial pathogens of animals. This information could be useful to advise policymakers, explore efficacy of interventions, support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, (re-)evaluate marketing authorisations of antimicrobials, generate epidemiological cut-off values, assess risk of zoonotic AMR transmission and evaluate the burden of AMR in animal health. EARS-Vet could be integrated with other AMR monitoring systems in the animal and medical sectors to ensure a One Health approach. Herein, we present a strategy to establish EARS-Vet as a network of national surveillance systems and highlight challenges of data harmonisation and bias. Strong political commitment at national and EU/EEA levels is required for the success of EARS-Vet.

Agencia Española del Medicamento y Productos Sanitarios calle Campezo 1 EDF 8 28022 Madrid España

Direction générale de l'alimentation Bureau de la santé animale 75015 Paris France

Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Mauerstrasse 39 42 10117 Berlin Germany

Finnish Food Authority Laboratory and Research Division Microbiology Unit Mustialankatu 3 00790 Helsinki Finland

Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines Hudcova 56 A Brno the Czech Republic

Istituto Superiore di Sanità Department of Infectious Diseases Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Rome Italy

Limerick Regional Veterinary Laboratory Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Knockalisheen Limerick Ireland V94 WK44

Ministry of Rural Development and Food Minister's Cabinet 2 Acharnon Str Athens Greece

National Veterinary Institute Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies Ulls väg 2B SE 751 89 Uppsala Sweden

Norwegian Veterinary Institute Pb 750 Sentrum N0106 Oslo Norway

Sciensano Veterinary Epidemiology Unit Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Belgian Federal Research Institute for Public and Animal Health Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14 1050 Brussels Belgium

University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Stigbøjlen 4 1870 Frederiksberg C Denmark

University of Lyon French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Laboratory of Lyon Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Virulence Unit 31 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France

University of Lyon French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Laboratory of Lyon Epidemiology and Support to Surveillance Unit 31 avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France

University of West Attica Department of Public Health Policy School of Public Health Athens Greece

Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences Yalelaan 1 3584 CL Utrecht the Netherlands

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Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): a bottom-up and One Health approach