Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri, 2n=20) is the most endangered of three extant species of Tayassuidae. Its karyotype has been studied only by differential chromosome staining methods so far. To establish a comparative cytogenetic map of the peccary, we used cross-species hybridization with porcine (Sus scrofa, 2n=38) painting probes. Painting revealed 30 evolutionary conserved autosomal segments between pig and peccary. The q-arm of the submetacentric chromosome X is homologous to the porcine X chromosome, while the p-arm is composed of heterochromatin. Nucleolar organizer regions were detected on chromosomes 8 and 9 which are homologous to pig chromosomes 8 and 4/18, respectively. Fusions of chromosomes homologous to pig chromosomes 4/7 and 4/18 and fission of chromosome 7 are synapomorphic characters shared by Catagonus wagneri and Tayassu pecari but not by Pecari tajacu. Our results confirmed a high rate of karyotype evolution in Tayassuidae and a closer relationship of Catagonus wagneri with Tayassu pecari than with Pecari tajacu.

Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies Central European Institute of Technology Veterinary Research Institute Brno Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Adega F, Chaves R, Guedes-Pinto H (2007) Chromosomal evolution and phylogenetic analyses in Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu (Tayassuidae): tales from constitutive heterochromatin. J Genet 86:19–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-007-0003-1 PubMed DOI

Adega F, Chaves R, Kofler A et al (2006) High-resolution comparative chromosome painting in the Arizona collared peccary (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae): a comparison with the karyotype of pig and sheep. Chromosome Res 14:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-006-1040-y PubMed DOI

Altrichter M (2011) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Catagonus wagneri. In: IUCN Red List Threat. Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/en . Accessed 12 Nov 2020

Benirschke K, Kumamoto AT, Meritt DA (1985) Chromosomes of the Chacoan peccary, Catagonus Wagneri (Rusconi). J Hered 76:95–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110053 DOI

Bosma AA, de Haan NA, Arkesteijn GJA et al (2004) Comparative chromosome painting between the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) and two species of peccary, the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) and the white-lipped peccary (T. pecari): a phylogenetic perspective. Cytogenet Genome Res 105:115–121. https://doi.org/10.1159/000078017 PubMed DOI

Fröhlich J, Kubickova S, Musilova P et al (2017) A comparative study of pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) karyotype by cross-species chromosome painting. J Mamm Evol 24:465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9358-5 DOI

Giannoni M, Ferrari I, Giannoni M (1981) Chromosome polymorphism among Brazilian populations of Tayassu albirostris (peccary). Rev Brasil Genet 4:117–134

Gongora J, Moran C (2005) Nuclear and mitochondrial evolutionary analyses of collared, white-lipped, and Chacoan peccaries (Tayassuidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 34:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.021 PubMed DOI

Goodpasture C, Bloom SE (1975) Visualization of nucleolar organizer regions in mammalian chromosomes using silver staining. Chromosoma 53:37–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00329389 PubMed DOI

Gribble SM, Ng BL, Prigmore E et al (2009) Array painting: a protocol for the rapid analysis of aberrant chromosomes using DNA microarrays. Nat Protoc 4:1722–1736. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.183 PubMed DOI PMC

Kubickova S, Cernohorska H, Musilova P, Rubes J (2002) The use of laser microdissection for the preparation of chromosome-specific painting probes in farm animals. Chromosome Res Int J Mol Supramol Evol Asp Chromosome Biol 10:571–577 DOI

Kumar S, Stecher G, Suleski M, Hedges SB (2017) TimeTree: a resource for timelines, timetrees, and divergence Times. Mol Biol Evol 34:1812–1819. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx116 PubMed DOI

Mellink CHM, Bosma AA, de Haan NA, Macdonald AA (1992) Numerical variation of nucleolar organizer regions after silver staining in domestic and wild Suidae (Mammalia). Anim Genet 23:231–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00135.x PubMed DOI

Musilova P, Kubickova S, Vahala J, Rubes J (2013) Subchromosomal karyotype evolution in Equidae. Chromosome Res 21:175–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-013-9346-z PubMed DOI

O’Brien SJ, Graphodatsky AS, Perelman PL (eds) (2020) Atlas of mammalian chromosomes, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken

Parisi Dutra R, Casali D d M, Missagia RV et al (2017) Phylogenetic systematics of peccaries (Tayassuidae: Artiodactyla) and a classification of South American Tayassuids. J Mamm Evol 24:345–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9347-8 DOI

Seabright M (1971) A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet Lond Engl 2:971–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(71)90287-x DOI

Zijlstra C, Mellink CHM, de Haan NA, Bosma AA (1997) Localization of the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes and the 5S rRNA genes in the babirusa and the white-lipped peccary. Cytogenet Genome Res 77:273–277. https://doi.org/10.1159/000134596 DOI