Agrimonia eupatoria L. is an herb of the Rosaceae family, widely used in traditional (folk) medicine for its beneficial effects. Its water extracts (infusions and decoctions) are used in the treatment of airway and urinary system diseases, digestive tract diseases, and chronic wounds. Phytochemical analyses of Agrimonia eupatoria L. identified a variety of bioactive compounds including tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids and volatile oils possessing antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. The authors review the available literature sources examining and discussing the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L. at the molecular level in vitro and in vivo.

Department of Pharmacology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

AD’HIAH AH, AL-BEDERI ONH, AL-SAMMARRAE KW. Cytotoxic effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L. against cancer cell lines in vitro. J Assoc Arab Univ Basic Appl Sci. 2013;14:87–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaubas.2013.01.003. DOI

AL-SNAFI AE. The pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Agrimonia eupatoria - a review. Asian J Pharm Sci Technol. 2015;5:112–117.

ALMEIDA JS, BENVEGNÚ DM, BOUFLEUR N, RECKZIEGEL P, BARCELOS RCS, CORADINI K, De CARVALHO LM, BÜRGER ME, BECK RCR. Hydrogels containing rutin intended for cutaneous administration: efficacy in wound healing in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2012;38:792–799. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2011.628676. PubMed DOI

ASIM SA, AHMED S, NAJAM-US-SEHAR Psoralen-ultraviolet a treatment with psoralen – ultraviolet B therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2013;29:758–762. doi: 10.12669/pjms.293.2622. PubMed DOI PMC

ASLAM MS, AHMAD MS, RIAZ H, RAZA SA, HUSSAIN S, QURESHI OS, MARIA P, HAMZAH Z, JAVED O. Role of flavonoids as wound healing agent. Phytochemicals - Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention. 2018 doi: 10.5772/57353. DOI

BAE H, KIM H-J, SHIN M, LEE H, YIN CS, RA J, KIM J. Inhibitory effect of Agrimoniae Herba on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine production in BV2 microglial cells. Neurol Res. 2010;32:53–57. doi: 10.1179/016164109x12537002794002. PubMed DOI

BHATIA N, KAUR G, SONI V, KATARIA J, DHAWAN RK. Evaluation of the wound healing potential of isoquercetin-based cream on scald burn injury in rats. Burn Trauma. 2016;4:1–8. doi: 10.1186/s41038-016-0032-1. PubMed DOI PMC

BILIA AR, PALME E, CATALANO S, PISTELLI L, MORELLI I. Constituents and biological assay of Agrimonia eupatoria. Fitoterapia. 1993;64:549–551.

BLAYDON DC, KELSELL DP. Defective channels lead to an impaired skin barrier. J Cell Sci. 2014;127:4343–4350. doi: 10.1242/jcs.154633. PubMed DOI PMC

BRADLEY PR. 978-0-903032-14-8British herbal compendium. 1992;1

BULAT V, SITUM M, DEDIOL I, LJUBICIĆ I, BRADIĆ L. The mechanisms of action of phototherapy in the treatment of the most common dermatoses. Coll Antropol. 2011;35:147–151. PubMed

CALDERÓN-MONTAÑO JM, BURGOS-MORÓN E, PÉREZ-GUERRERO C, LÓPEZ-LÁZARO M. A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011;11:298–344. doi: 10.2174/138955711795305335. PubMed DOI

CAMERON ML. Anglo-Saxon medicine. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: 2006.

CARDOSO O, DONATO MM, LUXO C, ALMEIDA N, LIBERAL J, FIGUEIRINHA A, BATISTA MT. Anti-Helicobacter pylori potential of Agrimonia eupatoria L and Fragaria vesca. J Funct Foods. 2018;44:299–303. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.027. DOI

CHENG X, JIN J, HU L, SHEN D, DON X, PING SAMIE MA, KNOFF J, EISINGER B, LIU ML, HUANG SM, CATERINA MJ, DEMPSEY P, MICHAEL LE, DLUGOSZ AA, ANDREWS NC, CLAPHAM DE, XU H. TRP channel regulates EGFR signaling in hair morphogenesis and skin barrier formation. Cell. 2010;141:31–343. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.013. PubMed DOI PMC

CHO YM, KWON JE, LEE M, LEA Y, JEON DY, KIM HJ, KANG SC. Agrimonia eupatoria L (Agrimony) Extract Alters Liver Health in Subjects with Elevated Alanine Transaminase Levels: A Controlled Randomized and Double-Blind Trial. J Med Food. 2018;21:282–288. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4054. PubMed DOI

CORREIA H, GONZÁLEZ-PARAMÁS A, AMARAL MT, SANTOS-BUELGA C, BATISTA MT. Polyphenolic profile characterization of Agrimonia eupatoria L. by HPLC with different detection devices. Biomed Chromatogr. 2006;20:88–94. doi: 10.1002/bmc.533. PubMed DOI

CORREIA HS, BATISTA MT, DINIS TCP. The activity of an extract and fraction of Agrimonia eupatoria L. against reactive species. BioFactors. 2007;29:91–104. doi: 10.1002/biof.552029209. PubMed DOI

COS P, BRUYNE T, HERMANS N, APERS S, BERGHE D, VLIETINCK A. Proanthocyanidins in health care: current and new trends. Curr Med Chem. 2012;11:1345–1359. doi: 10.2174/0929867043365288. PubMed DOI

CWIKLA C, SCHMIDT K, MATTHIAS A, BONE KM, LEHMANN R, TIRALONGO E. Investigations into the Antibacterial Activities of Phytotherapeutics against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni. Phyther Res. 2010;24:649–656. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2933. PubMed DOI

EDWARDS R, HARDING KG. Bacteria and wound healing. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004;17:91–96. doi: 10.1097/00001432-200404000-00004. PubMed DOI

EMA. Assessment report on Agrimonia eupatoria L. herba. Eur Med Agency - Comm Herb Med Prod. 2015;44:1–19.

ESCOP. ESCOP monographs 2nd ed supplement. Agrimoniae herba - Agrimony herb. 2005

FEI X, YUAN W, JIANG L, WANG H. Opposite effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb aqueous extracts on blood coagulation function. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5:1–9. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.03.17. PubMed DOI PMC

FENG XL, HE YB, LIANG YZ, WANG YL, HUANG LF, XIE JW. Comparative analysis of the volatile components of Agrimonia eupatoria from leaves and roots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate curve resolution. J Anal Methods Chem. 2013;2013:1–9. doi: 10.1155/2013/246986. PubMed DOI PMC

GALLAGHER AM, FLATT PR, DUFFY G, ABDEL-WAHAB YHA. The effects of traditional antidiabetic plants on in vitro glucose diffusion. Nutr Res. 2003;23:413–424. doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00533-X. DOI

GANESHPURKAR A, SALUJA AK. The pharmacological potential of rutin. Saudi Pharm J. 2017;25:149–164. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.025. PubMed DOI PMC

GHAIMA KK. Antibacterial and wound healing activity of some Agrimonia eupatoria extracts. Baghdad Sci J. 2013;10:152–160. doi: 10.21123/bsj.10.1.152-160. DOI

GIACHETTI D, TADDEI I, CENNI A, TADDEI E. Diuresis from distilled water compared with that from vegetable drugs. Planta Med. 1989;55:2–10. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-961852. DOI

GRÄBER T, KLUGE H, GRANICA S, HORN G, KALBITZ J, BRANDSCH C, BREITENSTEIN A, BRÜTTING C, STANGL GI. Agrimonia procera exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates the expression of defensins and cytokines in colonocytes and increases the immune response in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. BMC Vet Res. 2018;14:1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1680-0. PubMed DOI PMC

GRANICA S, KLUGE H, HORN G, MATKOWSKI A, KISS AK. The phytochemical investigation of Agrimonia eupatoria L and Agrimonia procera Wallr as valid sources of Agrimoniae herba - the pharmacopoeial plant material. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015;114:272–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.027. PubMed DOI

GRAY AM, FLATT PR. Actions of the traditional anti-diabetic plant, Agrimony eupatoria (agrimony): effects on hyperglycaemia, cellular glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Br J Nutr. 1998;80:109–114. doi: 10.1017/s0007114598001834. PubMed DOI

GRIEVE M. A Modern Herbal. CF Leyel; London: 1931.

GUO S, DIPIETRO LA. Critical review in oral biology & medicine: Factors affecting wound healing. J Dent Res. 2010;89:219–229. doi: 10.1177/0022034509359125. PubMed DOI PMC

GUO Y, BRUNO RS. Endogenous and exogenous mediators of quercetin bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem. 2015;26:201–210. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.008. PubMed DOI

GUPTA A, AVCI P, DAI T, HUANG Y-Y, HAMBLIN MR. Ultraviolet radiation in wound care: sterilization and stimulation. Adv Wound Care. 2013;2:422–437. doi: 10.1089/wound.2012.0366. PubMed DOI PMC

GURITA (CIOBOTARU) LG, PAVEL AZ, POENARU R, MOACA EA, FLORESCU R, DANCIU R, DUMITRASCU C, IMBREA I, POP O. Assessment of the antioxidant effect of ethanolic extracts obtained from Agrimonia eupatoria L. filipendula ulmaria (L) maxim. and filipendula vulgaris moench collected from the estern part of Romania. Rev Chim. 2018;69:2385–2390. doi: 10.37358/rc.18.9.6539. DOI

GUZIK TJ, KORBUT R, ADAMEK-GUZIK T. Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;54:469–487. PubMed

HART PH, BRAND C, CARSON CF, RILEY TV, PRAGER RH, FINLAY-JONES JJ. Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Inflamm Res. 2000;49:619–626. doi: 10.1007/s000110050639. PubMed DOI

HUANG W, DENG H, JIN S, MA X, ZHA K, XIE M. The isolation, structural characterization and anti-osteosarcoma activity of a water soluble polysaccharide from Agrimonia pilosa. Carbohydr Polym. 2018;187:19–25. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.047. PubMed DOI

IMURA K, YOSHIOKA T, HIKITA I, TSUKAHARA K, HIRASAWA T, HIGASHINO K, GAHARA Y, ARIMURA A, SAKATA T. Influence of TRPV3 mutation on hair growth cycle in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;363:479–483. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.170. PubMed DOI

IVANOVA D, VANKOVA D, NASHAR M. Agrimonia eupatoria tea consumption in relation to markers of inflammation, oxidative status and lipid metabolism in healthy subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2013;119:2–37. doi: 10.3109/13813455.2012.729844. PubMed DOI

IVANOVA DG, TASINOV O, VANKOVA D, KISELOVA-KANEVA Y. Antioxidative potential of Agrimonia eupatoria L. J Sci Technol. 2011;I:20–24.

JAHODÁŘ L. Medicinal plants in modern medicine or what Mathioli did not know yet (in Czech) 1. Havlíček Brain Team; 2010.

JAIN N, SHARMA PK, BANIK A, BHARDWAJ V. Applications of photosensitizer in therapy. Pharmacogn J. 2011;3:11–17. doi: 10.5530/pj.2011.22.3. DOI

JANG HH, NAM SY, KIM MJ, KIM JB, CHOI JS, KIM HR, LEE YM. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb aqueous extract improves impaired glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed rats by decreasing the inflammatory response. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17:1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1949-z. PubMed DOI PMC

JIN MH, PARK SG, HWANG YL, LEE MH, JEONG NJ, ROH SS, LEE Y, KIM CD, LEE JH. Cedrol enhances extracellular matrix production in dermal fibroblasts in a MAPK-dependent manner. Ann Dermatol. 2012;24:16–21. doi: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.1.16. PubMed DOI PMC

JOSHI R, GANGABHAGIRATHI R, VENU S, ADHIKARI S, MUKHERJEE T. Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging reactions of gentisic acid: in-vitro and pulse radiolysis studies. Free Radic Res. 2012;46:11–20. doi: 10.3109/10715762.2011.633518. PubMed DOI

JUERGENS UR, DETHLEFSEN U, STEINKAMP G, GILLISSEN A, REPGES R, VETTER H. Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003;97:250–256. doi: 10.1053/rmed.2003.1432. PubMed DOI

JUNG CH, KIM JH, PARK SJ, KWEON DH, KIM SH, KO SG. Inhibitory effect of agrimonia pilosa Ledeb on inflammation by suppression of iNOS and ROS production. Immunol Invest. 2010;39:159–170. doi: 10.3109/08820130903501790. PubMed DOI

JUNG M, PARK M. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by flavonoids from Agrimonia pilosa. Molecules. 2007;12:2130–2139. doi: 10.3390/12092130. PubMed DOI PMC

KIM JJ, JIANG J, SHIM DW, KWON SC, KIM TJ, YE SK, KIM MK, SHIN YK, KOPPULA S, KANG TB, CHOI DK, LEE KH. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb extract on murine cell lines and OVA-induced airway inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;140:213–221. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.035. PubMed DOI

KOCAÇALIŞKAN I, TALAN I, TERZI I. Antimicrobial activity of catechol and pyrogallol as allelochemicals. Zeitschrift fur Naturforsch - Sect C J Biosci. 2006;61:639–642. doi: 10.1515/znc-2006-9-1004. PubMed DOI

KOMIAZYK M, PALCZEWSKA M, SITKIEWICZ I, PIKULA S, GROVES P. Neutralization of cholera toxin by Rosaceae family plant extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19 doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2540-6. PubMed DOI PMC

KONG CS, JEONG CH, CHOI JS, KIM KJ, JEONG JW. Antiangiogenic effects of P-coumaric acid in human endothelial cells. Phyther Res. 2013;27:17–323. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4718. PubMed DOI

KRESÁNEK J, KREJČA J. Atlas of medicinal plants and wild berries (in Slovak) 1. Osveta, Martin: 1977.

KUBÍNOVÁ R, JANKOVSKÁ D, BAUEROVÁ V, KUBÍNOVÁ R, JANKOVSKÁ D, BAUEROVÁ V. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities and polyphenol content of five species of agrimonia genus, Antioxidačná aktivita, inhibícia α-glukozidázy a celkový obsah polyfenolov v piatich druhoch rodu agrimonia. Acta Fytotech Zootech. 2012;2:38–41.

KUBÍNOVÁ R, ŠVAJDLENKA E, JANKOVSKÁ D. Anticholinesterase, antioxidant activity and phytochemical investigation into aqueous extracts from five species of agrimonia genus. Nat Prod Res. 2016;30:1174–1177. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1043552. PubMed DOI

KUCZMANNOVÁ A, BALAŽOVÁ A, RAČANSKÁ E, KAMENÍKOVÁ M, FIALOVÁ S, MAJERNÍK J, NAGY M, GÁL P, MUČAJI P. Agrimonia eupatoria L and Cynara cardunculus L. water infusions: Comparison of antidiabetic activities. Molecules. 2016;21:1–12. doi: 10.3390/molecules21050564. PubMed DOI PMC

KURKINA AV. Medicinal plants – a method for the assay of total flavonoids. Pharm Chem J. 2011;45:6–9.

KWON DH, KWON HY, KIM HJ, CHANG EJ, KIM MB, YOON SK, SONG EY, YOON DY, LEE YH, CHOI IS, CHOI YK. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by an aqueous extract of Agrimonia eupatoria L. Phyther Res. 2005;19:55–358. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1689. PubMed DOI

KWON JE, LEE YG, KANG JH, BAI YF, JEONG YJ, BAEK NI, SEO YJ, KANG SC. Anti-viral activity of compounds from Agrimonia pilosa and Galla rhois extract mixture. Bioorg Chem. 2019;93:103320. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103320. PubMed DOI

LE MEN J, POURRAT H. Répartition de l’acide ursolique dans les feuilles de diverses Rosacées. Acide ursolique (Cinquième mémoire) Travaux Des Laboratoires de Matière Médicale et de Pharmacie Galénique de La Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris la Cour d’Appel. 1955:4.

LEE KH, RHEE KH. Anti-nociceptive effect of Agrimonia eupatoria extract on a cisplatin-induced neuropathic model. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016;13:139–144. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.18. PubMed DOI PMC

LEE KH, SPENCER MR. Studies on mechanism of action os salicylates V: effect of salicylic acid on enzymes involved in mucopolysaccharide synthesis. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58:465–468. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600580416. PubMed DOI

LEE KY, HWANG L, JEONG EJ, KIM SH, KIM YC, SUNG SH. Effect of neuroprotective flavonoids of Agrimonia eupatoria on glutamate-induced oxidative injury to HT22 hippocampal cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74:1704–1706. doi: 10.1271/bbb.100200. PubMed DOI

LEE YM, KIM JB, BAE JH, LEE JS, KIM PS, JANG HH, KIM HR. Estrogen-like activity of aqueous extract from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb in MCF-7 cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12 doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-260. PubMed DOI PMC

MURUZOVIC M, MLADENOVIC K, STEFANOVIC O, ZUGIC-PETROVIC T, COMIC L. In vitro interaction between Agrimonia eupatoria L. extracts and antibiotic. Kragujev J Sci. 2017;39:157–164. doi: 10.5937/kgjsci1739157m. DOI

MURUZOVIĆ M, MLADENOVIĆ KG, STEFANOVIĆ OD, VASIĆ SM, ČOMIĆ LR. Extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. as sources of biologically active compounds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. J Food Drug Anal. 2016;24:539–547. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.02.007. PubMed DOI PMC

NAM YR, KIM HJ, KIM YM, CHIN YW, BAE HS, KIM WK, NAM JH. Agrimonia pilosa leaf extract accelerates skin barrier restoration by activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3. J Dermatol Sci. 2017;86:255–258. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.003. PubMed DOI

NG CY, HUANG YH, CHU CF, WU TC, LIU SH. Risks for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177:967–977. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15366. PubMed DOI

NHO KJ, CHUN JM, KIM HK. Agrimonia pilosa ethanol extract induces apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;138:58–363. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.008. PubMed DOI

OKUBO Y, OKI N, TAKEDA H, AMAYA M, ITO S, OSADA M, UTSUMI M, KOGA M, KAWASHIMA H. Increased microorganisms DNA levels in peripheral blood monocytes from psoriatic patients using PCR with universal ribosomal RNA primers. J Dermatol. 2002;29:547–555. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00179.x. PubMed DOI

OPLETAL L, SKŘIVANOVÁ Natural substances and their biological activity (in Czech) 978-80-246-1801-2Svazek 2. Karolinum Praha. 2010

OZAY Y, GUZEL S, ERDOGDU IH, YILDIRIM Z, PEHLIVANOGLU B, TURK BA, DARCAN S. Evaluation of the wound healing properties of luteolin ointments on excision and incision wound models in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Rec Nat Prod. 2018;12:50–366. doi: 10.25135/rnp.38.17.08.135. DOI

PARK HJ, CHO JH, HONG SH, KIM DH, JUNG HY, KANG IK, CHO YJ. Whitening and anti-wrinkle activities of ferulic acid isolated from Tetragonia tetragonioides in B16F10 melanoma and CCD-986sk fibroblast cells. J Nat Med. 2018;72:127–135. doi: 10.1007/s11418-017-1120-7. PubMed DOI

PARK JH, RA JS, KWON JE, HER YM, CHOE TH, LEE YS, SUH HJ, SHIN SY, PARK DW, KWAK HH, WOO HM, JEON H, KANG SC. Toxicological Research. Springer; Singapore: 2020. Evaluation of genetic toxicity, acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity and systemic safety of Agrimonia pilosa and Rhus gall 50 % ethanolic extract mixture (APRG64) in vitro and in vivo (rodent and non-rodent animal models) PubMed DOI PMC

PARK S, KANG S, KIM DS, MOON BR. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, Cinnamomum cassia Blume, and Lonicera japonica Thunb protect against cognitive dysfunction and energy and glucose dysregulation by reducing neuroinflammation and hippocampal insulin resistance in β-amyloid-infused rats. Nutr Neurosci. 2017;20:77–88. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2015.1135572. PubMed DOI

PARK SH, SIM YB, KANG YJ, LEE JK, LIM SS, SUH HW. Effect of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb extract on the antinociception and mechanisms in mouse. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012;16:119–123. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.2.119. PubMed DOI PMC

PETKOV V. Plants with hypotensive, antiatheromatous and coronarodilatationg action. Am J Chin Med. 1979;VII:197–236. PubMed

PHAN TT, WANG L, SEE P, GRAYER RJ, CHAN SY, LEE ST. Phenolic compounds of Chromolaena adorata protect cultured skin cells from oxidative damage: implication for cutaneous wound healing. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24:1373–1379. doi: 10.1248/bpb.24.1373. PubMed DOI

QU D, SUN W, CHEN Y, ZHOU J, LIU C. Synthesis and in vitro antineoplastic evaluation of silver nanoparticles mediated by Agrimoniae herba extract. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:1871–1882. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S58732. PubMed DOI PMC

RING J, ALOMAR A, BIEBER T, DELEURAN M, FINK-WAGNER A, GELMETTI C, GIELER U, LIPOZENCIC J, LUGER T, ORANJE AP, SCHÄFER T, SCHWENNESEN T, SEIDENARI S, SIMON D, STÄNDER S, STINGL G, SZALAI S, SZEPIETOWSKI JC, TAÏEB A, WERFEL T, WOLLENBERG A, DARSOW U. Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) Part I. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2012;26:1045–1060. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04635.x. PubMed DOI

ROMANA-SOUZA B, DOS SANTOS JS, MONTE-ALTO-COSTA A. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester promotes wound healing of mice pressure ulcers affecting NF-κB, NOS2 and NRF2 expression. Life Sci. 2018;207:158–165. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.057. PubMed DOI

SAIER C, GOMMLICH I, HIEMANN V, BAIER S, KOCH K, HORN G, KOWALEWSKY T, BARTELT J, SEEMANN M, WÄTJEN W. Agrimonia procera Wallr. extract increases stress resistance and prolongs life span in caenorhabditis elegans via transcription factor DAF-16 (foxo orthologue) Antioxidants. 2018;7 doi: 10.3390/antiox7120192. PubMed DOI PMC

SANTOS TN, COSTA G, FERREIRA JP, LIBERAL J, FRANCISCO V, PARANHOS A, CRUZ MT, CASTELO-BRANCO M, FIGUEIREDO IV, BATISTA MT. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Agrimonia eupatoria L. infusion. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/8309894. PubMed DOI PMC

SERRANO J, PUUPPONEN-PIMIÄ R, DAUER A, AURA AM, SAURA-CALIXTO F. Tannins: current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009;53:10–329. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900039. PubMed DOI

SHABANA MH, WERGLARZ Z, GESZPRYCH A, MANSOUR R, EL-ANSAEI MA. Phenolic constituents of agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) herb. Herba Pol. 2003;49:24–28.

SHEKARCHI M, HAJIMEHDIPOOR H, SAEIDNIA S, GOHARI AR, HAMEDANI MP. Comparative study of rosmarinic acid content in some plants of Labiatae family. Pharmacogn Mag. 2012;8:7–41. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.93316. PubMed DOI PMC

SHEN Y, SONG X, LI L, SUN J, JAISWAL Y, HUANG J, LIU C, YANG W, WILLIAMS L, ZHANG H, GUAN Y. Protective effects of p-coumaric acid against oxidant and hyperlipidemia-an in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;111:579–587. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.074. PubMed DOI

SHIN WJ, LEE KH, PARK MH, SEONG BL. Broad-spectrum antiviral effect of Agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses. Microbiol Immunol. 2010;54:11–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00173.x. PubMed DOI

SIENIAWSKA E. Activities of tannins- from in vitro studies to clinical trials. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10:1877–1884. doi: 10.1177/1934578x1501001118. PubMed DOI

SON JH, KIM S-Y, JANG HH, LEE SN, AHN KJ. Protective effect of protocatechuic acid against inflammatory stress induced in human dermal fibroblasts. Biomed Dermatology. 2018;2:1–5. doi: 10.1186/s41702-017-0018-z. DOI

SONG HS, PARK TW, SOHN UD, SHIN YK, CHOI BC, KIM CJ, SIM SS. The effect of caffeic acid on wound healing in skin-incised mice. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;12:43–347. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.6.343. PubMed DOI PMC

SUZUKI A, YAMAMOTO N, JOKURA H, YAMAMOTO M, FUJII A, TOKIMITSU I, SAITO I. Chlorogenic acid attenuates hypertension and improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1065–1073. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000226196.67052.c0. PubMed DOI

SWANSTON-FLATT SK, DAY C, BAILEY CJ, FLATT PR. Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetologia. 1990;33:462–464. PubMed

TAJIK N, TAJIK M, MACK I, ENCK P. The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature. Eur J Nutr. 2017;17:2215–2244. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1379-1. PubMed DOI

TOMI NS, KRÄNKE B, ABERER E. Staphylococcal toxins in patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and erythroderma, and in healthy control subjects. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.034. PubMed DOI

TOMKO J, KRESÁNEK J, HUBÍK J, SUCHÝ V, FELKLOVÁ M, SIKYTA B, LIBICKÝ A. Farmakognózia (in Slovak) Osveta Bratislava. 1999

TORZEWSKA A, ROZALSKI A. Inhibition of crystallization caused by Proteus mirabilis during the development of infectious urolithiasis by various phenolic substances. Microbiol Res. 2014;169:579–584. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.09.020. PubMed DOI

TRIPATHI N, GOEL B, BHARDWAJ N, SAHU B, KUMAR H, JAIN SK. Virtual screening and molecular simulation study of natural products database for lead identification of novel coronavirus main protease inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020;0:1–13. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1848630. PubMed DOI

TSIRIGOTIS-MANIECKA M, PAWLACZYK-GRAJA I, ZIEWIECKI R, BALICKI S, MATULOVÁ M, CAPEK P, CZECHOWSKI F, GANCARZ R. The polyphenolic-polysaccharide complex of Agrimonia eupatoria L as an indirect thrombin inhibitor - isolation and chemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;125:124–132. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.017. PubMed DOI

TÜMEN İ, AKKOL EK, TAŞTAN H, SÜNTAR I, KURTCA M. Research on the a ntioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities and the phytochemical composition of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;211:235–246. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.009. PubMed DOI

TUPEC M, HÝSKOVÁ V, BĚLONOŽNÍKOVÁ K, HRANÍČEK J, ČERVENÝ V, RYŠLAVÁ H. Characterization of some potential medicinal plants from Central Europe by their antioxidant capacity and the presence of metal elements. Food Biosci. 2017;20:43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.08.001. DOI

Van ACKER SABE, Van den BERG DJ, TROMP MNJL, GRIFFIOEN DH, Van BENNEKOM WP, Van der VIJGH WJF, BAST A. Structural aspects of antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20:31–342. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02047-0. PubMed DOI

VENSKUTONIS PR, ŠKEMAITE M, RAGAŽINSKIENE O. Radical scavenging capacity of Agrimonia eupatoria and Agrimonia procera. Fitoterapia. 2007;78:166–168. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.10.002. PubMed DOI

VOIGHTS LE. Anglo-Saxon plant remedies and the Anglo-Saxons. Hist Sci Soc. 1979;70:250–268. PubMed

WATKINS F, PENDRY B, SANCHEZ-MEDINA A, CORCORAN O. Antimicrobial assays of three native British plants used in Anglo-Saxon medicine for wound healing formulations in 10th century England. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;144:408–415. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.031. PubMed DOI

WOŹNIAK Ł, SKĄPSKA S, MARSZAŁEK K. Ursolic a cid - a pentacyclic triterpenoid with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Molecules. 2015;20:20614–20641. doi: 10.3390/molecules201119721. PubMed DOI PMC

XAGORARI A, ROUSSOS C, PAPAPETROPOULOS A. Inhibition of LPS-stimulated pathways in macrophages by the flavonoid luteolin. Br J Pharmacol. 2002;136:1058–1064. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704803. PubMed DOI PMC

YOON SJ, KOH EJ, KIM CS, ZEE OP, KWAK JH, JEONG WJ, KIM JH, LEE SM. Agrimonia eupatoria protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50:2335–2341. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.005. PubMed DOI

YUE Y, SHEN P, XU Y, PARK Y. p-Coumaric acid improves oxidative and osmosis stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Sci Food Agric. 2019;99:1190–1197. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9288. PubMed DOI

YUNIARTI WM, PRIMARIZKY H, LUKISWANTO BS. The activity of pomegranate extract standardized 40 % ellagic acid during the healing process of incision wounds in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) Vet World. 2018;11:21–326. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.321-326. PubMed DOI PMC

ZDUŃSKA K, DANA A, KOLODZIEJCZAK A, ROTSZTEJN H. Antioxidant properties of ferulic acid and its possible application. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2018;31:32–336. doi: 10.1159/000491755. PubMed DOI

ZHU L, CHEN J, TAN J, LIU X, WANG B. Flavonoids from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb: Free radical scavenging and DNA oxidative damage protection activities and analysis of bioactivity-structure relationship based on molecular and electronic structures. Molecules. 2017;22:1–11. doi: 10.3390/molecules22030195. PubMed DOI PMC

In Situ Gel with Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Agrimonia eupatoria L. Shows Antibacterial Activity