Kings and queens of termites, like queens of other advanced eusocial insects, are endowed with admirable longevity, which dramatically exceeds the life expectancies of their non-reproducing nest-mates and related solitary insects. In the quest to find the mechanisms underlying the longevity of termite reproductives, we focused on somatic maintenance mediated by telomerase. This ribonucleoprotein is well established for pro-longevity functions in vertebrates, thanks primarily to its ability of telomere extension. However, its participation in lifespan regulation of insects, including the eusocial taxa, remains understudied. Here, we report a conspicuous increase of telomerase abundance and catalytic activity in the somatic organs of primary and secondary reproductives of the termite Prorhinotermes simplex and confirm a similar pattern in two other termite species. These observations stand in contrast with the telomerase downregulation characteristic for most adult somatic tissues in vertebrates and also in solitary insects and non-reproducing castes of termites. At the same time, we did not observe caste-specific differences in telomere lengths that might explain the differential longevity of termite castes. We conclude that although the telomerase activation in termite reproductives is in line with the broadly assumed association between telomerase and longevity, its direct phenotypic impact remains to be elucidated.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

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Extended longevity of termite kings and queens is accompanied by extranuclear localization of telomerase in somatic organs and caste-specific expression of its isoforms

Telomeres and telomerase: active but complex players in life-history decisions

Evolution of Linoleic Acid Biosynthesis Paved the Way for Ecological Success of Termites

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