• This record comes from PubMed

The Importance of Being a Compassionate Leader: The Views of Nursing and Midwifery Managers From Around the World

. 2021 Nov ; 32 (6) : 765-777. [epub] 20210426

Language English Country United States Media print-electronic

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

INTRODUCTION: Despite the importance of compassionate leadership in health care, many of the existing publications do not account for the effect of culture. The aim of this study is to explore the views of nursing and midwifery managers from different countries in relation to the definition, advantages, and importance of compassion. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory online survey was conducted across 17 countries, containing both closed and open-ended questions. Data from N = 1,217 respondents were analyzed using a directed hybrid approach focusing only on qualitative questions related to compassion-giving. RESULTS: Four overarching themes capture the study's results: (1) definition of compassion, (2) advantages and importance of compassion for managers, (3) advantages and importance of compassion for staff and the workplace, and (4) culturally competent and compassionate leadership. DISCUSSION: Innovative research agendas should pursue further local qualitative empirical research to inform models of culturally competent and compassionate leadership helping mangers navigate multiple pressures and be able to transculturally resonate with their staff and patients.

See more in PubMed

Beardsmore E., McSherry R. (2017). Healthcare workers’ perceptions of organisational culture and the impact on the delivery of compassionate quality care. Journal of Research in Nursing, 22(1-2), 42-56. 10.1177/1744987116685594 DOI

Bludau H. (2014). The power of protocol: Professional identity development and governmentality in post-socialist health care. Sociologický Časopis/Czech Sociological Review, 50(6), 875-896. 10.13060/00380288.2014.50.6.145 DOI

Bolden R., Adelaine A., Warren S., Gulati A., Conley H., Jarvis C. (2019). Inclusion: The DNA of leadership and change. https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/852067

Braun V., Clarke V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa DOI

Cheon B. K., Im D.-M., Harada T., Kim J.-S., Mathur V. A., Scimeca J. M., Parrish T. B., Park H. W., Chiao J. Y. (2011). Cultural influences on neural basis of intergroup empathy. NeuroImage, 57(2), 642-650. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.031 PubMed DOI

Chiao J. Y. (2017). Cultural neuroscience of compassion and empathy. In Seppälä E. M., Simon-Thomas E., Brown S. L., Worline M. C., Cameron C. D., Doty J. R. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 147-158). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.12 DOI

Crowther J., Wilson K. C., Horton S., Lloyd-Williams M. (2013). Compassion in healthcare: Lessons from a qualitative study of the end of life care of people with dementia. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 106(12), 492-497. 10.1177/0141076813503593 PubMed DOI PMC

De Clercq D., Bouckenooghe D., Raja U., Matsyborska G. (2014). Servant leadership and work engagement: The contingency effects of leader-follower social capital. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), 183-212. 10.1002/hrdq.21185 DOI

Dorfman P. W., Hanges P. J., Brodbeck F. C. (2004). Leadership and cultural variation. In House R. J., Hanges P. J., Javidan M., Dorfman P. W., Gupta V. (Eds.), Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies (1st ed., pp. 669-719). Sage.

Eisenbeiß S. A., Brodbeck F. (2014). Ethical and unethical leadership: A cross-cultural and cross-sectoral analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(2), 343-359. 10.1007/s10551-013-1740-0 DOI

Fereday J., Muir-Cochrane E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80-92. 10.1177/160940690600500107 DOI

Gelfand M. J., Raver J. L., Nishii L., Leslie L. M., Lun J., Lim B. C., Duan L., Almaliach A., Ang S., Arnadottir J., Aycan Z., Boehnke K., Boski P., Cabecinhas R., Chan D., Chhokar J., D’Amato A., Ferrer M., Fischlmayr I. C., . . . Yamaguchi S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science, 332(6033), 1100-1104. 10.1126/science.1197754 PubMed DOI

Groark K. P. (2008). Social opacity and the dynamics of empathic in-sight among the Tzotzil Maya of Chiapas, Mexico. Ethos, 36(4), 427-448. 10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00025.x DOI

Halpern J. (2011). From detached concern to empathy: Humanizing medical practice (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.

Hofstede G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.

Hofstede G., Hofstede G. J., Minkov M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional.

Hollan D., Throop C. J. (2008). Whatever happened to empathy? Introduction. Ethos, 36(4), 385-401. 10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00023.x DOI

Jones A. M. (2005). The anthropology of leadership: Culture and corporate leadership in the American South. Leadership, 1(3), 259-278. 10.1177/1742715005054437 DOI

Kabasakal H., Bodur M. (2004). Humane orientation in societies, organizations, and leader attributes. In House R. J., Hanges P. J., Javidan M., Dorfman P. W., Gupta V. (Eds.), Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies (1st ed., pp. 564-601). Sage.

Kirmayer L. J. (2008). Empathy and alterity in cultural psychiatry. Ethos, 36(4), 457-474. 10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00027.x DOI

Kitayama S. (2002). Culture and basic psychological processes: Toward a system view of culture: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 89-96. 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.89 PubMed DOI

Kleinman A. (2015). Care: In search of a health agenda. Lancet, 386(9990), 240-241. 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61271-5 PubMed DOI

Koopmann-Holm B., Tsai J. L. (2017). The cultural shaping of compassion. In Seppälä E. M., Simon-Thomas E., Brown S. L., Worline M. C., Cameron C. D., Doty J. R. (Eds.), Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 273-285). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.21 DOI

Levine R. V., Norenzayan A., Philbrick K. (2001). Cross-cultural differences in helping strangers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 543-560. 10.1177/0022022101032005002 DOI

Lewis H. S. (1974). Leaders and followers: Some anthropological perspectives. Addison-Wesley.

Lilius J. M., Kanov J. M., Dutton J. E., Worline M. C., Maitlis S. (2011). Compassion revealed: What we know about compassion at work (and where we need to know more). In Spreitzer G. M., Cameron K. S. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 273-287). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734610.001.0001 DOI

Lilius J. M., Worline M., Dutton J., Kanov J., Maitlis S. (2011). Understanding compassion capability. Human Relations, 64(7), 873-899. 10.1177/0018726710396250 DOI

Lutz C. A. A. (1988). Unnatural emotions: Everyday sentiments on a Micronesian atoll and their challenge to Western theory (1st ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Martin D., Heineberg Y. (2017). Positive leadership, power and compassion. In Gilbert P. (Ed.), Compassion (1st ed., pp. 221-236). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315564296-13 DOI

Nursing Solutions, Inc. (2019). 2019 National Health Care Retention & RN Staffing Report. https://www.nsinursingsolutions.com/Library.php

Opdebeeck H., Habisch A. (2011). Compassion: Chinese and western perspectives on practical wisdom in management. Journal of Management Development, 30(7/8), 778-788. 10.1108/02621711111150272 DOI

Oyserman D., Coon H. M., Kemmelmeier M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3-72. 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 PubMed DOI

Papadopoulos I. (2018). Culturally competent compassion. Routledge.

Papadopoulos I. (Ed.). (2006). Transcultural health and social care: Development of culturally competent practitioners (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone.

Papadopoulos I. (2019). International online surveys: Culturally competent compassion in nursing managers. https://cultureandcompassion.com/victcory/international-on-line-compassion-survey

Papadopoulos I., Taylor G., Ali S., Aagard M, Akman O., Alpers L.-M., Apostolara P., Biglete-Pangilinan S., Biles J., García M., González-Gil T., Koulouglioti C., Kouta C., Krepinska R., Kumar B. N., Lesińska-Sawicka M., Diaz A. L. L., Malliarou M., Nagórska M., … Zorba A. (2017). Exploring nurses’ meaning and experiences of compassion: an international online survey involving 15 countries. Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 28(3), 286–295. 10.1177/1043659615624740 PubMed DOI

Papadopoulos I., Zorba A., Koulouglioti C., Ali S., Aagard M., Akman O., Alpers L.-M., Apostolara P., Biles J., Martín-García Á., González-Gil T., Kouta C., Krepinska R., Kumar B. N., Lesińska-Sawicka M., Lopez L., Malliarou M., Nagórska M., Nissim S., Vasiliou M. (2016). International study on nurses’ views and experiences of compassion. International Nursing Review, 63(3), 395–405. 10.1111/inr.12298 PubMed DOI

Preston S. D. (2013). The origins of altruism in offspring care. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1305-1341. 10.1037/a0031755 PubMed DOI

Rockstuhl T., Seiler S., Ang S., Van Dyne L., Annen H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 825-840. 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01730.x DOI

Sacco T. L., Copel L. C. (2018). Compassion satisfaction: A concept analysis in nursing. Nursing Forum, 53(1), 76-83. 10.1111/nuf.12213 PubMed DOI

Safaei J. (2012). Post-communist health transitions in Central and Eastern Europe. Economics Research International, 2012, Article 137412. 10.1155/2012/137412 DOI

Schloesser O., Frese M., Heintze A.-M., Al-Najjar M., Arciszewski T., Besevegis E., Bishop G., Bonnes M., Clegg C. (2012). Humane orientation as a new cultural dimension of the GLOBE project: A validation study of the GLOBE scale and out-group humane orientation in 25 countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(4), 535-551. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022112465671

Shuck B., Alagaraja M., Immekus J., Cumberland D., Honeycutt-Elliott M. (2019). Does compassion matter in leadership? A two-stage sequential equal status mixed method exploratory study of compassionate leader behavior and connections to performance in human resource development. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(4), 537-564. 10.1002/hrdq.21369 DOI

Singelis T. M., Triandis H. C., Bhawuk D. P. S., Gelfand M. J. (2016). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275. 10.1177/106939719502900302 DOI

Tierney S., Seers K., Tutton E., Reeve J. (2017). Enabling the flow of compassionate care: A grounded theory study. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), Article 174. 10.1186/s12913-017-2120-8 PubMed DOI PMC

Triandis H. (1988). Collectivism v. individualism: A reconceptualisation of a basic concept in cross-cultural social psychology. In Verma G. K., Bagley C. (Eds.), Cross-cultural studies of personality, attitudes and cognition (pp. 60-95). Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978-1-349-08120-2_3 DOI

West M. A., Armit K., Loewenthal L., Eckert R., West T., Lee A. (2015). Leadership and leadership development in health care: The evidence base. The King’s Fund, Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management, Center for Creative Leadership. https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/default/files/field/field_publication_file/leadership-leadership-development-health-care-feb-2015.pdf

Winston B. E., Ryan B. (2008). Servant leadership as a humane orientation: Using the GLOBE Study construct of humane orientation to show that servant leadership is more global than Western. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(2), 212-222.

World Health Organization. (2016). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/

Worline M. C., Dutton J. E. (2017). How leaders shape compassion processes in organizations. In Seppälä E. M., Simon-Thomas E., Brown S. L., Worline M. C., Cameron C. D., Doty J. R. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 435-456). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.31 DOI

Find record

Citation metrics

Loading data ...

Archiving options

Loading data ...