Due to ongoing climate change, forests are expected to face significant disturbances more frequently than in the past. Appropriate management is intended to facilitate forest regeneration. Because European temperate forests mostly consist of trees associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, understanding their role in these disturbances is important to develop strategies to minimize their consequences and effectively restore forests. Our aim was to determine how traditional (EXT) and nonintervention (NEX) management in originally Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests with an admixture of European larch (Larix decidua) affect ECM fungal communities and the potential to interconnect different tree species via ECM networks 15 years after a windstorm. Ten plots in NEX and 10 plots in EXT with the co-occurrences of Norway spruce, European larch, and silver birch (Betula pendula) were selected, and a total of 57 ECM taxa were identified using ITS sequencing from ECM root tips. In both treatments, five ECM species associated with all the studied tree species dominated, with a total abundance of approximately 50% in the examined root samples. Because there were no significant differences between treatments in the number of ECM species associated with different tree species combinations in individual plots, we concluded that the management type did not have a significant effect on networking. However, management significantly affected the compositions of ECM symbionts of Norway spruce and European larch but not those of silver birch. Although this result is explained by the occurrence of seedlings and ECM propagules that were present in the original forest, the consequences are difficult to assess without knowledge of the ecology of different ECM symbionts.

Department of Botany Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czechia

Department of Carbon Storage in the Landscape Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czechia

Department of Carbon Storage in the Landscape Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czechia

Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology Mendel University in Brno Brno Czechia

Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection Faculty of Forestry Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia

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