The broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, is considered safe for animals because it selectively affects the shikimate pathway that is specific to plants and microorganisms. We sought a previously unknown mechanism to explain the concerns that glyphosate exposure can negatively affect animals, including humans. Computer modeling showed a probable interaction between glyphosate and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha 1 (eEF1α1), which was confirmed by microcalorimetry. Only restricted, nondisrupted spermatogenesis in rats was observed after chronic glyphosate treatments (0.7 and 7 mg/L). Cytostatic and antiproliferative effects of glyphosate in GC-1 and SUP-B15 cells were indicated. Meta-analysis of public health data suggested a possible effect of glyphosate use on sperm count. The in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experimental results as well as the metastatistics indicate side effects of chronic glyphosate exposure. Together, these findings indicate that glyphosate delays protein synthesis through an interaction with eEF1α1, thereby suppressing spermatogenesis and cell growth.

Biomedicine and Advanced Biomaterials Department University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings The Czech Technical University Prague Prague Bustehrad 273 43 Czechia

Crop Research Institute Prague 161 06 Czechia

Department of Biophysics 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague 150 06 Czechia

Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague 150 06 Czechia

Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Brno 612 42 Czechia

Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Brno 612 42 Czechia

Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples 80131 Italy

Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc 779 00 Czechia

Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Institute of Experimental Medicine Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague 142 20 Czechia

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